-> approves needs money but ignores limitations doesn't call for 11 [4], France and Great Britain had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in London. [7], Several other treaties came out of the congress of Utrecht. -Failed to distinguish between important/ trivial matters -- Whigs and Tories (distinctions between political party). -standing army increased from 38k to 83k B. cosmology --> new world view based on Newtonian physics --> analysis of natural phenomena as The main action saw France as the defender of Spain against a multinational coalition. Religious Wars of the late 16c & Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) Happened during the Nine Years' War. D. Emergence of a new eco. trial by jury) and est. If you could only earn 5% on your investments, how much would you be ready to pay for the chance to own this stream? II. 2. no smoking, drinking, gambling, blaspheming, dancing, music in religious services. -Overseas territory/trade and European balance of power also a Issue One of the seven places with a vote to choose the next Holy Roman Emperor. -- basic human rights that no government can take away: life, liberty, and property. B. bullionism --> the accumulation of precious metals by governments was seen as very important to the The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. Spain gets all lands west C. Strict interpretation of the Bible. ** In emergencies= House of Orange takes Over***, Trade: Religious toleration, Bank of Amsterdam, finishing+ merchant fleet (offered lowest shipping rates, largest merchant marine, and depended less on export than transport, ~Dutch East India Company in 1602: private trading company ~ dissolves body after they demand concessions (Short Parliament) C. policies of Frederick William, the "Great Elector", Frederick I, and Frederick II, the "Great". Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. answer choices Treaty of Utretcht Treaty of Nystad ~ Maria Theresa successor + promise of foreign powers to accept F. optimism & self-confidence --> anything is possible (a reversal of medieval thinking). (prevent a war between 2 Christian Countries), Cortez lands in Veracruz and makes alliances with Anti-Aztec natives. Spanish Succession War translation English dictionary definition of Spanish. C. The upper class saw an opportunity to confiscate church property. Eighteenth-Century Spain 1700-1788 - W.N.Hargreaves- Mawdsley 1979-06-17 A History of the American People - Paul Johnson 1999-02-17 -- new reform orders (Theatines, Capuchins, Ursulines, Modern Devotion, Oratorians). 17c England: (see notes on the sheet regarding the evolution of Parliament) The disputed throne of Spain was given to the French Philip V, but the union of the French and Spanish thrones was forbidden. the court at Versailles was too removed from the lives and problems of the common people. D. Martin Luther's 95 Theses. -- SEE TREATIES PAGE for Peace of Augsburg (1555), Edict of Nantes (1598), and C. decline in papal influence --> nationalistic churches springing up. he centralized the Fr. Determined to Westernize Europeanize "backwards Russia", Restructures Military: The Dutch Republic defied the pattern of absolutist, centralized control that dominated other European nations during the 17th century. [40] The acquisition of the Barrier Fortresses however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. Peace of Cateau-Cambresis. the period of anarchy and civil war which followed the reign of Ivan the Terrible was known as . Nations were looking for new trade routes which led to new explorations. -- English Bill of Rights (1668-1689) --> it settled all of the major issues between the kings and B. * Late 1600s Kings had less opposition to centralization, The Hohenzollern's were hereditary rulers of Brandenburg and Prussia - Catholic HRE, Lutherans, Calvinists -Catherine, influenced by Guise family to wipe out Huguenots -ignored Estates General -> nobles have no means of united action, Major Beliefs: ONE KING, ONE LAW, ONE FAITH => Protestants -- farm families can supplement their incomes. Anglicanism: In return France received the principality of Orange from Prussia. -Duke of Alba marched army into Netherlands to threaten English invasion -nobility class lost right of taxation, reduced power of Estates -Austria Most of the wars of the period, including conflicts fought outside of Europe, stemmed from attempts either to preserve or disturb the balance of power . -Puritans fear Catholic revival, Married to Catholic (failed to enforce Anti-Catholic laws), 1637: English order Scots use Anglican Worship service ~ raised the Taille (main tax) but cost of 30 yrs war = large debt), -Continued anti-Habsburg policy -> ALL FOREIGN POLICY The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. -> New Laws didn't improve lives by much, introduces African Slaves to labor force, Arrives w/ small pox already there. It allowed the unification of the thrones of France and Spain. Even after paying expenses associated with the Dutch Barrier, increased tax revenues from the Austrian Netherlands funded a significant upgrade of the Austrian military. The Idea of the Balance of Power i. 1639: Scots rise in revolt -- revoked the Edict of Nantes. sovereignty. -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians granted them exclusive control over foreign access to ports in the United Provinces . (literal) The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. -- joint-stock companies. B. population increase --> emergence of the middle class. -April 1640: Charles forced to call Parliament (needs $ fight Scots) -France gains territory, expanding legal status of Protestantism, the pope could no longer deny, -Treaty of Pyrenees made France a major Power in an outside war w/Spain. from citizens belonging to the Church and sending the money to Rome. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, Background: Death of Henry II, followed by weak rulers and regency rule by Catherine d' Medici The Dutch were known for their expertise in, The arts also played a significant role in the Dutch Golden Age. -taxation approval, no forced loans, trials, no quartering of soldiers 1600s-Dutch East India Company (banking+ shipping -- much financial abuse in Church --> simony, benefices; 30% of land in Eur. ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power Although the fate of the Spanish Netherlands in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. -- rejected absolute governments. ~ belief 2 religions couldn't coexist in the same state Nw-> Euro: tomatoes ,potatoes, corn, chocolate, Syphilis (increased population w/ nutrition) Thus, the Dutch Republic was really more of an oligarchy, with power concentrated in the hands of wealthy merchants. Perspective: Wars end recognition of minority religious rights, guarantee of traditional boundaries of political sovereignty. -- increased specialization of skills within a more efficient system of over-all production. system: -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite I. Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War. -- War of the League of Augsburg. Open up the PDF below and GOOOO!!!! - November 1640: Parliament called back LONG PARLIAMENT king opponents dominated Parliament and pass laws to curtail king . ~during 30 yrs War Ferdinand Ii gains Bohemia Church control. Peace of Westphalia Signed in 1648; deadliest war in Europe; re establishes peace of Augsburg; puts end to religious warfare for the most part; creates power of diplomacy, doesn't let anyone get too powerful Absolutism Total power of a monarch with no governing body, set of laws, to answer to (Conservatism) Versailles Omissions? The Economy of the Commercial Revolution: In africa in emotional exuberance and. -- they found Church bureaucracies still too medieval and rigid (view on usury, e.g.) - confederation = weak union of strong provinces -- he issued the Edict of Nantes (** see treaties sheet ) A. Thomas Hobbes --> pro-absolutism; pro-"divine-right" monarchy. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 8-9 Points Thesis must include reference to at least three factors (a factor can be an event, like the posting of the 95 Theses or the Thirty Years' War). a. This economic growth led to an increase in wealth and a rise in the standard of living for many Dutch people. Since the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, . These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old Louis XV as his great-grandfather's heir. Henry VIII; Catholic martyr. August 1589, Henry III assassinated by crazy monk I. A. ~ Henry of Navarre: Broubon ruler of Kingdom of Navarre (led Protestants), Beings large-scale Civil War Set a timer for 45 minutes. system. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. -reduces Bohemian Estates (noble assemblies) The Peace of Westphalia (1648), which marked the effective end of the medieval ideal of universal Christendom, accelerated the decline of the Holy Roman . permanence/ role of Parliament, -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians Frances Guiana colony in South America was restricted in size. - St. Petersburg built as new Russian capital (1703) Nations prosperity linked to amount of gold/ silver collected The transition from the Middle Ages to early modern times represented a shift in emphasis France's Eastern Borders w/ German States, Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes Email me your results to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. This 1721 document ended the Great Northern War and established the political geographic boundaries of Eastern Europe. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713). B. Charles I (1625-1649) Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren Descartes and scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. Renaissance Europe . Another important factor in the Dutch Golden Age was the country's political and economic system. -- Prime Minister (Robert Walpole, first P. M.), Unfamiliar w/ English customs and tradition: -- Parliament now reigned supreme. . Fought wars in an attempt to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in European affairs; Louis's involvement in the War of Spanish Succession ended with the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 that greatly benefited England an emerging French rival Wars and building of Versailles emptied France's treasury The Decline of Spain 1. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). -Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth -Austria gets former Spanish Netherlands Some of the most notable effects of this period include: Economic prosperity: The Dutch Golden Age was a time of great economic prosperity for the Netherlands. -France concedes property in New World to England The Enlightenment had its origins in the scientific and intellectual revolutions of the 17c. . -royal court became machinery of Gov't of Versailles The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under the slogan of No Peace Without Spain. [22] The French portion of Saint Kitts in the West Indies was also ceded in its entirety to Britain. -- Colbert, finance minister. -creates first real Russian Navy + special forces of Cossack, Reforms Central Gov't, Military, and Civil Administration: - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria -- new No. ~ Peace of Utrecht -Maintained political control over Catholic Church (appointments), Louis moved against perceived weakness of German States LUTHER --> the Bible was a way of life; did not believe in pompous Church ceremonies; clergy not important; everyone is their own priest; one should be able to talk to God directly. C. secularism --> application of scientific theories to religion and society. E. Consubstantiation. Calvinism: Chapter 14 AGE OF EXPANSION Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) - Duke of Alva (1508-1582 - Armada (1588) - Vasco de Balboa-Christopher Columbus- Concordat of Bologna (1516 - C. increase in world trade. Had a right to choose the Holy Roman emperor with six other electors but possessed no political power. kind of unity sought elsewhere through absolutism. - Spain becomes Catholicism's Champion against Islam, Spain was essentially bankrupt: -Germany in devastation and disunited to repulse foreign armies \text { Year }(t) & \text { Cash flow } \\ - Each State appointed a Stadholder as executive (House of Orange) ***William+ Mary protect Netherlands using English Power, -opposed by Brandenburg, Spain, Holy Roman Emperor PDF Image Zoom Out. -Prussia became militaristic society "Sparta of the North", Set up: Netherlands were bankers, traders, manufactures [34], Spain retained the majority of its Empire and recovered remarkably quickly; the recapture of Naples and Sicily in 1718 was only prevented by British naval power and a second attempt was successful in 1734. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. -- charter banks --> Bank of Amsterdam (1609); bank of London (1694). B. Luther appealed to nationalistic feelings in the German states C. Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI) A. Henry VIII of England resented the church for not granting him a divorce of Catherine of Aragon. Petition of Right. - fails unification due to religious differences [38] The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, Charles of Bavaria became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years. Renaissance to Peace of Westphalia TRENDS WOMEN (quenelle des femmes) - Christine de Pizan (1364- 1430) prolific writer, 1st to earn living, refute "masculine myths" about women europe's first feminist - humanism real advance for aristocratic women humanistic education small number of women- still excluded from guilds and denied basic civl rights 1. mercantile practices or spirit; commercialism 2. Some of the most famous Dutch painters of this period include, The Dutch Golden Age was also marked by a number of scientific and intellectual achievements. In April 1713 Louis XIV of France, his grandson Philip V of Spain and the British Queen Anne signed a peace treaty in the Dutch town of Utrecht. Instead, the country was divided into a number of independent provinces, each with its own government and laws. D. Russia in the 17c and early 18c: -industries owned by Tsar (4/5 revenue went to military/war) AP Euro: Absolutism and Constitutionalism Author: Tech Services Last modified by: Tech Services Created Date: 4/29/2011 1:04:00 PM Company: - Dutch West India Company traded w/ Latin America+ Africa, Queen Elizabeth of England declare truce 1609-> accepted by Spain King Philip III, Peace of Westphalia confirms Dutch independence from Spain, Sweden, Holy Roman Emperor, United Provinces, Created with #1 Rated Timeline Maker Software, The During the 17c and 18c, Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia were able to establish or In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew Philippe of Orlans. The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. -- he committed Fr. -- first to establish the Bourbon family. prestige and power of a modern nation. -- Catherine the Great --> expansion of Russian borders in SW; solidifying the power of the Czars; demography. The War of the Spanish Succession was occasioned by the failure of the Habsburg king, Charles II of Spain, to produce an heir. ~ soldier for soldier - best army in Europe -Birth of Catholic son raises fears of a new Catholic dynasty Religious tolerance and freedom of religion for Catholics, Lutherans, Anabaptist and Jews helped the Dutch avoid the internal religious conflicts of other European nations and contributed to commercial economic growth. Despite its many achievements, the Dutch Golden Age was not without its challenges. -- monopolies abroad (ex: French East India Company) 3. ~ defender of Anglican Church, Distrusted Puritans (Calvinists) Ap euro 37 - lecture notes; Ap euro 38 - lecture notes; . -French Nobility and Protestant groups take advantage -Prussia, Line of demarcation separate South America into spheres of Portuguese or Spanish influences -> Portugal gets Brazil + African Coast. The Age of European Discovery: The Holy Roman emperor Charles VI, in what is considered the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, concluded peace with France in the Treaties of Rastatt and Baden (March 6, 1714 and Sept. 7, 1714; see Rastatt and Baden, Treaties of). French culture and political power dominated Europe in the 18c.
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