He is General Brar. Mr Bakshi removed the tweet and issued an apology, stating that his tweet was not taken kindly by many and that he had no intention of wishing anything bad to anyone. Please contribute whatever you can afford. Intelligence was lacking. We fought together in the 71 war. Brar: I dont know what the idea really was because this was something that my superiors thought of. Three of his four sons, and three of his nephews, were killed in the riots. It is quite common these days to see stockpiles of weapons in Hindu homes. Retired Lt Gen H S Panag tweeted, RIP General Bipin Rawat! even though there was no official communication from the Centre or the Armed Forces about his death. Even the Akal Takht shrine, Bhindranwale's stronghold, which had been restored by the Indian Government at the cost of $40 million since the June battle, somehow looked hastily patched up. [6][7] Anita married Arun Thapan.[18]. Brar: He was a fantastic soldier and so we made our plans. ''A siege mentality has developed in the Punjab. You could now buy not only electronic goods but also fancy foodstuffs, textiles, home appliances and furniture almost anywhere in the state. We suffered a lot of casualties. Ahuja stopped at times at a ghat, or steps that led into the sacred pool, and sipped holy water: I replicated his motions. They fought like lions. After his dismissal from the armed forces, he joined the Khalistan movement and served as a military adviser and trainer for the group's terrorists. [6][7] He received his early education in Ludhiana, where his father had been posted as Head Postmaster. I think most Sikhs would like to forget the nightmares they were subjected to. He is credited with liberating Bangladesh from Pakistan and was the key person in 'Mukti Bhani' operation. Since then, he witnessed not only independence movement but participated in WWII, 1962 Indo-China War, 1965 Indo-Pak War and 1971 India-Pakistan war, which gave . The Akalis argued that the central Government in Delhi should restrict its functions in the Punjab to defense, foreign affairs, communications and currency. According to Parkash Singh Badal, the former chief minister of the Punjab and leader of the Akali Dal, Sikhs see themselves as being in a continuing conflict with the Indian state - in the name of ''terrorism'' all Sikhs are being persecuted. ThePrint with exceptional reporters, columnists and editors is doing just that. aj gl krage is soorme di jihdi life hr ek nu inspire krdi h. aapa ohna nu tesare ghallughare de sangharsh kr k yaad krde ha but ohn. Brar: I dont think you were cursed at all. He was posted to the 1st Battalion of the Parachute Regiment, where he remained until 1959. Here is the truth, Instagram uses unrelated fact-check from Boom Live to claim Azad Maidan riots where a Muslim youth kicked Amar Jawan Jyoti is fake news, Karnataka: Murder-accused Congress candidate, who is barred from his constituency by SC, gets praised by The Hindu for his virtual campaigning, The Guardian publishes anti-Semitic, Nazi propaganda-inspired cartoon, retracts after outrage. , : purposed re-purp , , Thank You For Watching.! The assassination was the latest episode in a cycle of worsening violence centered around demands by radical Sikhs that they be permitted to establish their own theocratic nation, called Khalistan. SG: As you sneaked into Bangladesh in lungis before the war had started. After training in the Indian Military Academy, he was commissioned in theGarhwal Riflesas a Second Lieutenant. In November 1994, Bhai Sahib travelled to Nankana Sahib (Pakistan) for the first time and so moved at being at the birthplace of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, that he continued to visit each year until 2000. Many buildings were pockmarked by bullet holes. A hand touched my head. Ive had a strong personal, professional, view that the one big blunder that all of you made in Operation Blue Star was throwing the media out. In return, Longowal committed himself to finding a peaceful solution to the Punjab's problems within the framework of the Indian Constitution. White marble parikrama, a moonlit night, your initial commando charge in black dungarees. Born out of Hinduism in the 15th century, Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak (1469-1539), who claimed to have experienced mystical revelations. ''People know that any reference to the Punjab question touches off violent arguments,'' said Kunal. Once a soldier, always a soldier. Youre wearing the olive green uniform. As citizens of India, we must put your religion, caste, creed, everything aside and remember were Indian first. He earned infamy later as he was accused of irregularities and dismissed a day before retirement. The Sikhs were seen as the militant arm of Hinduism. Being a Sikh himself, he dared to enter the bastion of Sikhs.. N OT SO LONG AGO, the Sikhs were pampered by Hindus, whom they had traditionally served as soldiers and military experts. Phone: 541-768-5111. Here, Shd Beg received asylum from the local ruler (Shirwnshh) Ibrhm, who recognized him as khan and issued coins in his name until 1409. Had there been wise general he would have got Bhindrewale and also avoided damaging the place of worship & killing of thousands of devotees. Brar: He made it almost impossible for us to enter the Akal Takht. Prof. Rajni Kothari, an eminent political analyst, notes that Longowal himself had argued that more time was needed to gain support for the accord itself. According to counter-intelligence reports of the R&AW, the three prominent . He survived an attempt on his life by revenge-seeking Sikh assailants 28 years after the operation. Its just like adding fuel to the fire. The elections were intended to restore political normalcy in a state where, for the last four years, confrontations between Government security forces and militant Sikh separatists have fostered an atmosphere of growing tension, uncertainty and violence. [7][8], Singh was a notable figure with the press for his service in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. '', This ''we versus them'' feeling is startlingly evident in many parts of India these days. The fervor of Sikh separatists was fueled and financed by wealthy Sikhs living abroad. Promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 2 June 1965,[5] he later commanded the 3rd Battalion, 11 Gorkha Rifles, and was given command of a brigade on 4 January 1968. Brar: Luckily, I wasnt told, because my job was the operation inside. General Dayal's main adversary was another highly decorated Sikh war hero, Maj. Gen. Shabeg Singh. [9] Singh had said that he had joined Bhindranwale due to the alleged humiliation he had received, which included being stripped of his pension despite all he had done for the country. Brar: My message is, look, in this country, with the type of militancy that crops up every now and then, with our neighbour trying to fuel insurgency in the country, whether its in the northeast or in Kashmir or in any other part of this country, you may be called upon to carry out similar operations against your own people. Shabeg Singh Lehl Consultant - Digital Transformation, New Age Software App Development & Product/Platform Engineering for Global ISVs & Enterprises across Diverse Domains Chandigarh, India. Brar: Of course. General Shabeg Singh, one of the great generals of modern India, belonged to the village of Khiala, about nine miles from Am Chogwan Road.The General was the eldest son of Sardar Bhagwan Singh and Pritam Kaur who had four sons and a daughter. Upon independence in 1947, India became a, "The Official Home Page of the Indian Army", "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)", "General Tapishwar Narain Raina - Bharat Rakshak - Indian Army & Land Forces", "Morale of Indian Army continues to be high: General Tapishwar Narain Raina", Militarism in India:The Army and Civil Society in Consensus, "New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services", Chronological list of Indian Commanders-in-Chief since 1947, Engine Room Artificer Mohammad Ruhul Amin, Thenpattinam Ponnusamy Meenakshi Sundaran, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapishwar_Narain_Raina&oldid=1143040317, Generals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia), This page was last edited on 5 March 2023, at 16:36. The Brigadier, General Staff, gave me a briefing and it appeared to me that I am being sent off to carry out an operation. We were never political people. During the course of his service in the Indian army, Shaheg Singh fought in every war that India participated in - WWII, 1947 Kashmir invasion, 1962 Indo-China War, 1965 Indo-Pak War, and 1971 Indo-Pak War.Distinguished Army CareerIn 1942, an officers selection team visiting Lahore colleges recruited Singh to the Indian Army officers cadre. SG: And certainly not cut off all the phones in Punjab? Shaheed General Shabeg Singh | 1925 - 6 June 1984 22 minutes read Birth & Family G eneral Shabeg Singh was born in 1925 the great general of modern times belonged to village Khiala, about nine miles (14 km) from Amritsar-Chogawan road. Although the cause of the crash has not been determined, there was widespread speculation that it was caused by a bomb planted by Sikh terrorists. Major General Shabeg Singh raised and trained the Mukti Bahini but, rather than being sent even a little thank-you note, was victimised "only because he was a Sikh". ''He will follow the same route as his late mother. By the time Raina joined his battalion in Iraq, the major actions in which Iraqforce had been involved in were over. Estimates of fatalities run as high as 2,000 dead, although the Indian Government maintains that the figure was no more than 500. It is noteworthy to mention that retired Col Baljit Bakshi had made no bones about his support to the farmers and had vociferously supported the demonstrations that were hijacked by Khalistani elements as banned organisations such as Sikhs For Justice, along with other groups sympathetic to the Khalistani sentiments such as Khalsa Aid, partook in the protests, mobilising resources and support with the aim to sow discord and engender resentment against the Centre among the people. Shabeg Singh, PVSM, AVSM (1 May 1924 6 June 1984), was a Major General who had previously served in the Indian Army but later joined the militant movement of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Ahuja paused to bow before an ancient tree in whose shadow a Sikh saint, long dead, once lived and preached. SG: If I were to edit this part of history, I would replace the word popularity with power. When partition came in 1947, and Pakistan was carved out of India, the Sikhs of the Punjab were the biggest losers. SG: Chandimandir, near Chandigarh, used to be the II Corps headquarters those days. His followers were called Sikhs - the Punjabi word for ''disciple.'' I think among Hindus the main problem these days is that they cannot put themselves into Sikhs' shoes. Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center. Brar: Well, a lot of mutinies which took place, they took place in far-flung areas. According to Sukhinder and Kunal Singh, a youthful Sikh couple who run a business in the Punjab, even longtime friends avoid discussing Punjab politics. But I think it hurt India greatly to have thrown the media out. Now that they have been properly humiliated, they beg for special treatment. He was a veteran of the 1962 war and 1971 wars. All thats happening is, some of these pro-Khalistani groups operating abroad and in Punjab are propagating their views and indoctrinating the youth to the ideology which leads to violence and mayhem, as happened in the early 80s. Liked by Shabeg Singh Gill Join now to see all activity Experience Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi 1 year 3 months Undergraduate Researcher Jan 2022 - Present1 year 3. Sikhs around the world were outraged by the attack. About DR. SHABEG SINGH GONDARA M.D. [6] He had a glass eye in place for the rest of his career in the army. Longowal, president of the Sikhs' major political party, the Akali Dal, had spent the earlier part of the day in the state capital of Chandigarh, where he conferred with party colleagues on how to contest state and parliamentary elections that Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had ordered for late September. [12] On 5 January 1965, Lieutenant-Colonel Raina was appointed Brigadier General Staff (BGS) of the XXXIII Corps in West Bengal. Many of these migrant workers stayed on and enrolled as voters - thus fattening the percentage of Hindus in the state. Brar: Thats right, and he was with the Mukti Bahini. So I said, Im very surprised, sir, because I know he is dead. Brar (Retd) led Operation Blue Star inside the Golden Temple from 3 to 7 June. Bulbul Brar, Bulbul to friends, these are odd circumstances. Whether youre an Assamese or a Christian or a Sikh or a Hindu or a Parsi or a Muslim or anyone, just put your religion, caste, creed, everything aside. [12][17] Following his funeral and cremation with full military honours in Delhi on 25 May,[17] his son-in-law, together with his nephew, Squadron Leader K. K. Zalpuri, immersed his ashes in the Ganges at Haridwar on 27 May. He had a natural flair for history and loved reading. SG: So, if you were to go back and conduct that operation again, first of all, would you still do it or would you think again? But now we Sikhs are being suspected at every turn.''. [4], Singh was born in 1925 in Khiala village (earlier known as Khiala Nand Singhwala), about nine miles (14km) from the Amritsar-Chogawan road. His house was destroyed. The battle over language in effect became a confrontation between Punjabi Hindus and Punjabi Sikhs, leading to the Government's decision in 1966 to split the Punjab into three states. Try and realise that there has to be unity between the Sikhs and the Hindus and everyone else. In name of saving democracy, they get money from various sources. The NPI number of this provider is 1447783758 and was assigned on April 2017. We fought together in the '71 war. After partition, when reorganization of the regiments took place, he joined theParachute Brigadeas a Paratrooper. They did not chant Sanskrit hymns, as Hindus did, but sang devotional songs that Nanak had composed in his native language, Punjabi. General Shabeg Singh Di Daughter Bahadari Nal Ladi Army Nal | Operation Blue Star | Sikh Sangat TV - YouTube AboutPressCopyrightContact usCreatorsAdvertiseDevelopersTermsPrivacyPolicy &. And then you run away after that. The indiscreet utterances by men who donned the uniform and served in the country's prestigious and honourable armed forces remind one of Shahbeg Singh, an Indian Army officer who later served as a military advisor to Khalistani terrorist Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. I stayed back. We always thought that the Khalistan business was nonsense. Brar: Never. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora, a Sikh now retired from the military. General K.S. Was a poster put up in Rajasthan where CM Ashok Gehlot promised free MILF? Brar: I would still do it but I would refine it. Several Sikhs stared at us as we walked by. SG: And all of that said with a smile on your face. Even I must admit that on the 30th of June, I watched. In the Punjab, there are many new Hindu militant groups, among them the Hindu Suraksh Samiti (Committee for the Protection of Hindus), the Hindu Brahmin Sabha (the Hindu Brahmin organization), and the Punjab Shiv Sena (the Army of Shiva in Punjab). One companion, and friend, of Santji, was Major General Shabeg Singh (Ex Indian Army). Shabeg Singh Briar currently works at the Olds College Center for Innovation, Alberta, Canada. Mr Bhindrewale made u react amd u destroyed the akal takhat and alienated the whole community. Some others insinuated that the CDS got what he deserved. ''Now I see the deep hurt among my Sikh students. Brar: Not throw the media out. People like KPS Gill, this idiot Brar did it to their own Indian citizens, fellow Sikhs and their own holy places, then I say it is only time when some Hindu dictator will start to kill Hindus. They fought not only against the Moslems who ruled India at the time, but also against Persian, Afghan and Pathan invaders. Before being initiated in the Khalistani movement, Singh, PVSM, AVSM, served in the Indian Army and was extensively involved in the training of Mukti Bahini volunteers to ward off the threats posed by Pakistan-backed Islamists during the Bangladesh Liberation War. SG: At which point did you decide to bring the heavy stuff, the tanks and the guns? If he fails, the price is likely to be high. SG: And a message to the people who attacked you in London? SG: Can I make a little disclaimer? ''Look around you; look carefully,'' he said. Their senior officers did not explain things to them. The sunburst of shells marred several structures. Maps on the wall and Im still wondering whats going on. Did the Olympics really reserve Gold Medals for protesting Indian wrestlers? If you were to carry out a task, you dont think of religion, you dont think of caste. Sikh spirit lies within their Waheguru not in a building! Edigu, who had made Tmr Qutluq's son Pld khan in Shd Beg's place, demanded the fugitive khan's extradition, but was met . Shabeg Singh Lehl Consultant - Digital Transformation, New Age Software App Development & Product/Platform Engineering for Global ISVs & Enterprises across Diverse Domains Chandigarh, India 820. ''The continued repression in the Punjab has caused the majority of Sikhs to lose confidence in the Government,'' said Lieut. So, he felt that we are not going to go in. ''They have imaginary fears, and their total distrust of the Indian Government is often based on wild rumors. A senior army official, who monitors the intelligence and security apparatus in the Punjab, said that many Sikhs and their leaders simply had abandoned reason. And who were these guys who mutinied? What we are asking is for a homeland for the Sikh nation. 14 persons were on board. Although Congress Party loyalists may be troubled by the prospect of an Akali administration in the state, Gandhi must bear in mind that, in a broader sense, a hard-fought partisan campaign might win the election but lose the Punjab. His audience seemed stunned as he spoke. Despite his betrayal to the country, Singh was cremated according to Sikh rites and with full military honours. Must watch shaheed Amrik singh daughter bibi satwant kaur's interview who was child during this operation. And when I did go around outside the Golden Temple to have a look and carry out a reconnaissance, later on, those who surrendered and those who were captured, they told me that General Shabeg Singh had told Bhindranwale, "I know who that guy is. Brar: I wont say we underestimated them but the information given to us indicated that there were not so many people and that they didnt have the type of weapons that they did. These expatriates have maliciously internationalized the Punjab problem. However, even when there was no confirmation on the fate of Bipin Rawat, some folks in uniform could not hide their hatred for the nations first CDS. Gen. Ranjit Singh Dayal, chief of staff of the army's prestigious western command. SG: So do you have a message now for your fellow soldiers? Was that the idea, that somehow it will remain hidden from the rest of the country that you used tanks and artillery? Shahbeg Singh is also said to have organised the Sikh terrorists present at the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar in June 1984, the same month when the Indian government launched Operation Blue Star to weed out the menace of Khalistani terrorism once and for all. Its an act of cowardice. '', He pointed to the widows in his family. Abutting the Parikrama were mounds of rubble. Brar: We had just got married a few months earlier. He would have used spies inside Harmandir Sahib, really? At that particular time, everyone was so involved that no one had the time to see which journalist has stayed behind and who hasnt gone and what is happening. Brar: Thats right. General Shabeg Singh is a hero of Bangladesh War. In addition, the Punjab began exporting labor; educated Sikhs as well as semiliterate craftsmen went to the West and to the oil-rich states of the Persian Gulf to work - and soon were repatriating more than $2 billion annually to their relatives. Hope India would come to realize what folly it has done to Sikhs and the Akal Takhat. I think that everyone realised. You go another time. He was dismissed from the army on the charges of corruption one day before his retirement, for which he sought redress in civil court, he had won all his court cases (Among the frivolous politically motivated charges were a corruption case was that he had bought a 'Jhonga' on proxy). One of the widows, a young woman named Dhanwat Kaur, said her three little children had seen their father, a carpenter, burned alive by a Hindu mob. . 3600 NW Samaritan Dr. Corvallis, OR 97330. The guilty must be punished, but we don't think it will happen.''. SG: People may not remember, but General Ranjit Singh Dayal was Gen Sundarjis deputy, he was the lion of Haji Pir Pass. We had our air tickets, we had our travellers cheques, we were all set to proceed to Manila and we get a phone call in Meerut about 7 in the evening to say that you are required for a conference in Chandimandir tomorrow morning. The fundamentalists began rallying around Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, a fiery demagogue who had initially assisted Mrs. Gandhi and her Congress Party to undercut the Akalis, but then became convinced that a better strategy lay in advocating agitation against Punjab's Hindus and in aiming for Khalistan. If I may say so, it was we who first revealed the fact that you used tanks and artillery. After serving in Army, Shabeg joined Khalistan movement and served as military adviser to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. While at Kirkuk, Raina was seriously wounded in a grenade-throwing accident which left him with severe wounds in his thighs and resulted in the loss of an eye. [14] Raina was awarded the Padma Bhushan for his contributions in the War. The Sikh leader died minutes later at a nearby hospital. SG: And you tried very hard to fade away quietly. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. ''Why were we made the victims?'' They just sit there whenever any politics is discussed, with their faces flushed - but they say nothing. Chinese have killed their own. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. You did enter the bastion of the Sikhs, your fellow Sikhs. ''A wave of militant Hindu fanaticism is sweeping the Punjab today,'' says Rahul Singh, editor of the Chandigarh edition of the Indian Express, India's largest daily newspaper. Read details, AAP Gujarat chief Isudan Gadhvi booked over his false claim that Rs 830 crore spent on PM Modis Mann ki Baat, Gordon Ramsay, Jamie Oliver lead the tributes following the untimely demise of Masterchef Australia judge Jock Zonfrillo. After the partition of India, when the Indian regiments were reorganized, Singh joined the 50th Parachute Brigade of the Indian Army. [18], On 25 February 1949, Raina married Marie Antoinette Florence Kurtz, who was French. ''How can our bitterness be wiped away?'' Its a call of duty and you will get ahead for that call of duty. [13] [2] This was the first world tour. He had three brothers and a sister. But now they feel totally threatened by the very community from which they sprang. Many local Hindus fear that if the central Government withdraws the army and special security forces from the Punjab, there will be a bloodbath. Facts are to be revealed, that tanks and artillery were used. SG: You mean the government in Delhi thought he had escaped? Time is at a premium. sat sti akal ji sarya nu. Within a few days the regiment moved to Burma and joined the war against the Imperial Japan. Fax: 541-768-5100. He got a lot of us. 4. As some in uniform show their hatred for the nation's CDS, read who was Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Koo (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window). Brar: Yes, and that he is in Pakistan and they are going to show him on the 30th of June on television. We couldnt afford a situation where the Army has been surrounded outside. 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And it is not just Hindus in the Punjab who harbor ill will against Sikhs. He is a real soldier! So we fought the 71 war together. [2] He had fought in other major wars such as World War 2, 1947 Indo-Pak War and 1962 Sino-Indian War. The Harimandir Sahib shrine sparkled in the brilliant sunshine. [6] He then joined the Officers' Training School at Mhow. I am surprised he is still alive and spewing filth from his SWINE LIKE mouth. His body was later found and identified when the operation was over. Brar: My message is, what are you going to gain by killing a 78-year-old man? Shabeg Gondara is a provider established in San Leandro, California and his medical specialization is Psychiatry & Neurology with a focus in psychiatry . Shaghab ( Arabic: ) (died 933) was the mother of the eighteenth Abbasid caliph al-Muqtadir ( r. 908-932 ), and wielded a considerable influence over state affairs during the reign of her son. Bhindranwales forces, not just amateurs, led by a fellow. They werent of any help, as they were defunct for many months. This is disgusting and full of lies have shame. The Indians had not, apparently, taken into account the fact that hundreds of Sikh pilgrims had crowded into the Golden Temple's courtyard to commemorate the martyrdom of one of Sikhism's early gurus. SG: You were a Major General then. He had a reputation of being fearless officer and one who did not tolerate any nonsense. During his tenure as the COAS, the central government led by Indira Gandhi declared a state of national emergency in India. The first calls for a sovereign Sikh nation were issued in the mid-1940s, in the ferment that accompanied Indian independence. I was startled by what I saw. Because ultimately, terrorism in Punjab has been fought by Punjabi Sikhs. Hes a guy who has almost been able to be accepted as a prophet.. According to the eminent Sikh historian and writer Khushwant Singh, Nanak may have initially intended only to encourage reform of Hinduism, ''but as his message caught on with the masses, he decided to give his teachings permanency through a sect of his own.'' He was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra for his handling of the Battle of Chushul. If you hide anything, it seems you are covering up a lapse. Dear Mamata Banerjee, as a Bengali myself, I need to ask you one question: Why do you hate outsiders so much? Brar: But there would have been accuracy in the news. Counter Intelligence reports of the R&AW had reported that three prominent heads of the Khalsa Army were Major General Shabeg Singh, Balbier Singh and Amrik Singh. SHABEG SANDHU OBITUARY Dr. Shabeg Singh SandhuDecember 4, 1937 - August 2,2014DurhamDr. In the wake of the assassination, thousands of innocent Sikhs were killed by rampaging mobs in Delhi and other cities in northern India. The NPI number of this provider is 1912331489 and was assigned on September 2013. If I was being bold by turning up inside Sikhism's holiest shrine even as Sikhs were being butchered not far away in Delhi, then Bhagwant Singh Ahuja was even more courageous in escorting a Hindu to such a place. Singh blamed the riots on local Congress Party workers, people with whom the Nangloi Sikhs had enjoyed cordial relations. I thought this was a gesture of protection - this Sikh wants to make sure that his Hindu companion comes to no harm. He was dismissed from the army on charges of corruption and denied of his pension just a day before his retirement, for which he sought redress in civil court and was later acquitted. There have been threats all along. He is General Brar. After launching a wave of bloody terrorist attacks against Hindus and moderate Sikhs in the Punjab, militant separatists in 1983 began fortifying one of Sikhism's holiest shrines - the Golden Temple of Amritsar.
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