Huizinga and Elliott (1986), using data from the NYS, also examined the correspondence between self-reports of delinquent behavior and official criminal histories. The self-report questionnaire is one of the most widely used assessment strategies in clinical psychology. But assessing patient compliance with medical regimens and eliciting medical histories are just two of the particularly important areas in which self-report data is routinely, and perhaps blindly, accepted as reliable in many current medical contexts. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. In self-reports, prevalence and individual offending frequency were higher, the age of onset was earlier, and the concentration of offending was greater (Farrington et al., 2000:21). Van Kammen, and D.P. 1990 Behavioral Problems in Preschool Children: Clinical and Developmental Issues. Social Problems 20(2):209-229. Victim and self-report surveys are essential as they interview individuals one-on-one and get precise details on offenders and victims. The U.S. Department of Justice administers two statistical programs to measure the magnitude, nature, and impact of crime in the nation: the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Reiss 1978 Response effects in the National Crime Survey. 371-398 in Cross-National Research in Self-Reported Crime and Delinquency, M.W. A number of studies in the late 1950s and early 1960s used self-reports to examine the relationship between social status and delinquent behavior (Akers, 1964; Clark and Wenninger, 1962; Dentler and Monroe, 1961; Empey and Erickson, 1966; Erickson and Empey, 1963; Gold, 1966; Reiss and Rhodes, 1959; Slocum and Stone, 1963; Vaz, 1966; Voss, 1966). Farrington, M. Stouthamer-Loeber, T.E. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. That variation can be very slight or quite large. Supple 1998 A comparison of computer-assisted and paper-and-pencil self-administered questionnaires in a survey on smoking, alcohol, and drug use. 11-54 in Developmental Theories of Crime and Delinquency, Volume 7: Advances in Criminological Theory, T.P. This cookie, set by Cloudflare, is used to support Cloudflare Bot Management. Social Forces 57:57-78. Marriage and Family Living 25:202-208. Jensen, G.F., M.L. Spero Manson of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Colorados School of Medicine has rewritten surveys specifically for Native American populations, and, with sensitivity to cross-cultural issues is able to raise the consistency of the scores very significantly. (That figure excludes data from California, Maryland, New . Loeber et al. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. First, the validity of the earlier self-report scales, and the results based on them, are at best questionable. Doing so, however, raises questions about construct continuity. From these data, prevalence, variety, and frequency scores and means and variances can be estimated, and the information can be correlated with other variables, just as is done with regular self-report data. Focusing on the relationship between delinquent behavior and the socioeconomic status of the adolescents parents, Nye et al. Wolfgang, M.E., T.P. Certification, Readiness NHIS data on a broad range of health topics are collected through personal household interviews. During this period of time researchers began to recognize the true potential of the self-report methodology. To address this crucial element of research, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) held an informative conference here in . Some of them involve the construction of valid measures at different developmental stages; others involve the consequences of repeated measures. Erickson, M. and L.T. Krohn, L. Lanza-Kaduce, and M. Radosevich 1979 Social learning and deviant behavior: A specific test of a general theory. 1998 The age-crime debate: Assessing the limits of longitudinal self-report data. Individuals who have been arrested and brought to central booking stations are interviewed and asked to provide urine specimens. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Social Problems 12:78-85. The NYS is also noteworthy because it is a panel design, having followed the original respondents into their thirties. Self-report data of pupils (mainly 12-15 years old) in the first or third grade of secondary school in the school years 2007-8 and 2008-9 (n = 23,914) were merged with police data. These considerations suggest that an adequate self-report scale for delinquency will be relatively lengthy. We have examined three different approaches to assessing the validity of self-reported measures of delinquency and crime: content, construct, and criterion validity. Thus, these analyses represent a series of "snapshots" of self-reported offending behaviour and criminal charges at three-year intervals across adulthood. and Compliance, Evidence-Based The reliability coefficients vary somewhat depending on the number and types of delinquent acts included in the index and the scoring procedures used (e.g., simple frequencies or ever-variety scores), but scores well above 0.80 are common. Consequently, the effort should be placed on improving the self-report measures, as opposed to just looking for weaknesses or how they can be replaced by external measures, Baldwin emphasized in her comments that set the tone for the exceptionally practical conference. Also, the randomized response technique generated random errors; that is, the errors were not correlated with other important variables. NCQA Similarly, in Philadelphia 28 percent self-reported marijuana use and 32 percent tested positive. Klein, ed. In some cases this may mean defining the concept at a level to accommodate the changing contexts in which people at different ages act. Jessor, R. 1998 New Perspectives on Adolescent Risk Behavior. It typically suffers from several distortions, including the bundling of events, and the tendency to telescope events. There are three main types of crime reports in the US criminal system: crime reports, victim surveys, and self-report surveys (SRS). Dentler, R.A., and L.J. Psychologist James Pennebaker, Southern Methodist University, presented data from studies on the ability to perceive ones own physical symptoms and other aspects of physiology such as heart rate. Can a logical case be made that self-report measures of delinquency are valid in this respect? While working? Farrington 1989 Development of a new measure of self-reported antisocial behavior for young children: Prevalence and reliability. If one could not observe the behavior taking place, self-reports of delinquent and criminal behavior would be the data source nearest to the actual behavior. Farrington and colleagues (2000) have begun to address this issue with data from the Seattle Social Development Project. Criminology 14:17-40. Visher 1986 Criminal Careers and Career Criminals. We combine the delinquency and drug use items into one self-report inventory since youth can be, and are, arrested for this full range of illegal behaviors. Simply asking about a handful of these behaviors does not accurately represent the theoretical construct of crime. Broder, P.K., and J. Zimmerman 1978 Establishing the Reliability of Self-Reported Delinquency Data. Krohn, M.D., T.P. Although some experimenters have failed to find a link, he says, others have. As a result, they appear to have reasonable content validity. The more recent self-report measures appear to be much better in this regard. In contrast, to test the validity of self-reports of weight, people could be asked to self-report their weight and each respondent could then be weighed on an accurate scalethe external criterion. This is especially the case if we are asking about short reference periods (e.g., the past year or past six months). The self-reported arrest measure asks respondents if they had been arrested or picked up by the police since the last interview. Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts. The use of self-report studies to examine theoretical issues continued throughout the 1970s. Data compiled in victim and self-report surveys is analyzed and used to provide additional resources like lighting and CCTV, develop and refine theories of crime, and create crime prevention policies for police implementation. Victim surveys provide detailed information on both victims and offenders, identifying subgroups such as juvenile delinquents, the elderly, and ethnic minorities. If a subject reports self-destructive behavior, should the researcher intervene? There are two classic ways to assess the reliability of social science measures: test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Clemency vs. Overall, it is not clear to what extent a randomized response approach actually generates more complete and accurate reporting. And while the empirical data that clinicians obtainsuch as blood pressure or lab resultsare . Patterson, G.R., and R. Loeber 1982 The Understanding and Prediction of Delinquent Child Behavior. Lessler, and J.C. Gfroerer, eds. One practical application of the skill of defining ones internal state is that diabetics must be trained to monitor their own blood glucose levels. Browning, K., D. Huizinga, R. Loeber, and T.P. While broadening the range of issues that can be examined, application of the self-report technique within longitudinal panel designs introduces potential threats to the reliability and validity of the data. While mindful of the limitations of internal consistency approaches, Hindelang and colleagues (1981) reported Cronbachs alpha coefficients for a variety of demographic subgroups and for the ever-variety, last-year variety, and last-year frequency scores. these sources reported using valid measures or explicit methods for. Criminology 27:251-271. Several of these issues are discussed in this section. Just because someone was truant is no reason to expect that they would be involved in theft or vandalism. screening for trivial behaviors; (4) application to a wider age range; and (5) the use of longitudinal designs. There are some robust paradigms of mood-dependent memory. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies & Jobs | What is Federal Law Enforcement? For more information, please see our Community Guidelines. Advances in both computer hardware and software have made the introduction of computers in the actual data collection process not only a possibility but, according to Tourangeau and Smith (1996:276), perhaps the most commonly used method of face-to-face data collection today. The use of computers in the data collection process began in the 1970s with computer-assisted telephone surveys (Saris, 1991). These studies found that, while most juveniles engaged in some delinquency, relatively few committed serious delinquency repetitively. Yarrow, eds. Voss 1974 Delinquency and Dropout. For over 40 years, health plans, wellness organizations, and companies committed to improving health outcomes Should we simply ask the open-ended question How many times did you do X last week? Or, should we ask the same thing using a decompositional approach? For example, it is likely that both validity and reliability would be improved if we experimented with alternative items for measuring the same behavior and identified the strongest ones. Miller 1992 Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Van Alstyne 1979 The Measurement of Delinquency by the Randomized Response Method. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Hepburn, J.R. 1976 Testing alternative models of delinquency causation.
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