These were especially important to the Shi'i version of Islam of which the Fatimids were adherents. Despite the disasters, Mamluk elites continued to build extensively across Cairo. Many of the waqf trusts which governed the functioning and upkeep of the religious foundations built throughout Cairo and its necropolis were embezzled so as to appropriate their revenues. Egypt's heartland, the Nile River valley and delta, was the home of one of the principal civilizations of the ancient Middle East and, like Mesopotamia farther east, was the site of one of the world's earliest urban and literate societies. In popular and media culture, Anubis is often falsely portrayed as the sinister god of the dead. It is also claimed that he was an architect of one of the most renowned pyramids, the step pyramid of Djoser. However, starting in the late 19th century and increasing in the 20th century, the pressure of Cairo's intensive urbanization and its ensuing housing shortage led to a large increase in the number of people living in the necropolis zones. It is the lowest place on earth at 417 feet below sea level. Probably just normal people like us. The city of Hamunaptra was created for the action-adventure movie and wasnt a real city. They include the Mausoleum and Khanqah of Amir Qawsun (founded in 1335) and the so-called "Sultaniyya" mausoleum (believed to be dedicated to Sultan Hassan's mother, in the mid-14th century).[1][7]. Although these are not specifically about the subjects in "the Mummy," they look good. The cover of the box is illustrated by James Ryman, and depicts 5 adventurers types (one with a canine head) in Egyptian garb surrounded by a . [1][7], The development and construction around Imam al-Shafi'i's mausoleum led to this area becoming a miniature district of its own, known as al-Qarafat al-Sughra (the "Smaller Qarafa") within the larger necropolis still known as al-Qarafat al-Kubra (the "Greater Qarafa"), which was perhaps relatively dilapidated by then. Ancient Egyptians, contrary to the film, only used four jars. [1][7], The Southern Cemetery (also known as the "Greater Qarafa", "Qarafat al-Kubra", or simply "the Qarafa"[1][7]) is the largest and oldest necropolis. Rick, Jonathan and Ardeth enlist the help of Winston Havlock, a desillusioned WWI fighter pilot, to fly them over to Hamunaptra. Are you saying that imoteph existed? Hi . I had followed you. Hamunaptra (also known as City of the Dead) is a fictional Egyptian city that first made its appearance in the 1999 film The Mummy. Storia della necropoli musulmana del Cairo. Dont consume food or liquids if youre having difficulty swallowing. But this blog post was only to show some fact vs. fiction. Egyptians would not have removed the heart from the body; after all, they believed the heart to be the seat of the mind. In the 1920s, archaeologists began serious excavations. in Egypt should be included. Is there a real City of the Dead in Egypt? In the motion picture "the city of the dead" could only be located on specific times. [1] These did not supplant the Great Palaces (located on the site of Bayn al-Qasrayn today), but served as leisurely retreats from the city and as places to stay while visiting the tombs of Muhammad's descendants. Avoid all travel to the area within 50 kilometres of the border with Libya, the Siwa Oasis, the Western Desert, including the oases of Bahariya, Bawati, Dakhla and Farafra, and the White and Black deserts, due to smuggling, terrorist activities, the presence of armed groups and ongoing military operations. These are some questions taken up in this short blog post. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Then you've come to the right place! She died in 762 CE in Egypt. However, the legends included in The Mummy have never been associated with the city. [3], While the "City of the Dead" is a designation frequently used in English, the Arabic name is "al-Qarafa" (Arabic: , romanized:al-Qarafa). Indian-American actor, Erick Avari, plays Dr. Terrence Bey, the chief curator at the Egyptian Museum of Antiquities in Cairo. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. [1]:123 The land became abandoned and disused following a famine in the 11th century and was probably then used as a burial ground, which led to the name Qarafa being used to denote Cairo's urban cemeteries in general. In the process, they rip open a stone panel on the base of a statue, callously yanking out whats inside. An enjoyable adventure and lucklily I don't know enough about egyptology to be irritated by the lack of realism and the glaring inaccuracies. Unfortunately, they no longer exist as many died as mercenaries and warriors throughout history. [1], The authorities have been historically ambivalent as to how to deal with the growing population in the cemeteries. [1] Nonetheless, a number of famous historical figures are believed to be buried here, including the Fatimid vizier Badr al-Gamali, the scholar and traveler Ibn Khaldun, and probably the historian al-Maqrizi; though unfortunately the locations of their tombs are now unknown. Siwa Oasis is situated around 850 kilometers to the North East of Cairo, more than 1500 kilometers to the North West of Aswan, 1146 kilometers to the North West of Hurghada, around 500 kilometers to the North West of the Fayoum Oasis, and around 250 kilometers to the South West of Marsa Matrouh, the nearest city to . [16], The cemetery is distinguished from the other two necropolises by its lack of monumental funerary structures, but also by the distinctive wooden enclosures that shelter the hawsh units here. The role she played was to be high priest Imhotep's lover. Several necropoleis existed in Egypt, most notably at Saqqara, Giza, Amarna and Thebes, but these were associated with living cities (Memphis, Akhetaten, and Thebes, respectively), and their locations were, at least in ancient times, public knowledge. Did he really existed? It also set a precedent for people living in the cemeteries, as the new establishments inside the Qarafa required workers to operate, and the religious foundations attracted scholars and Sufis. Clean the wound with mild soap and water. Historically, there was no such place as Hamunaptra. However, by the time of the New Kingdom, the Medjay are a sort of security group in charge of protecting the royal tombs on the Theban West Bank. Today it is sandwiched between two major roads: Shari'a Salah Salem to the west and Kobri Al Ebageah to the east. Ankhesenamun was actually the sister wife of King Tut during the 18th dynasty, so there was no way Imhotep and her could be lovers. It is a vast area of tombs stretching from the foot of the Cairo Citadel in the north to the densely-inhabited modern district of al-Basatin to the south. You will swim in natural springs known for their reviving qualities. In Egyptian mythology, Seth killed Osiris in an attempt to become the ruler of Egypt, however Osiris and Isiss son, Horus, defeated Seth in combat. East of the cemeteries rise the Mokattam hills, which historically blocked their expansion in that direction. The Mummy They extend to the north and to the south of the Cairo Citadel, below the Mokattam Hills and outside the historic city walls, covering an area roughly 4 miles long. The Bahri Mamluks built some funerary structures here, most notably the mausoleum of al-Nasir Muhammad's favourite wife, Princess Tughay (also known as Umm Anuk), who was buried here in 1348, making it one of the earliest surviving structures in the Northern Cemetery today. [7][1] The mosque contains the tomb of Sayyida Nafisa, a granddaughter of Hasan, the second Shi'i Imam and grandson of Muhammad. Tombs from the same family are often grouped together and enclosed in a walled structure or courtyard known as a hawsh or hosh (Arabic: ; which also has a generic architectural meaning). Slaves were made to do the hardest work when in the city, digging graves, wherein they were promptly killed off by soldiers who were in turn murdered by the priests so that none might ever reveal the exact location. At an archaeological dig in the ancient city of Hamunaptra, an American serving in the French Foreign Legion accidentally awakens a mummy who begins to wreak havoc as he searches for the reincarnation of his long-lost love. When kings were being judged by Osiris, Anubis placed their hearts on one side of a scale and a feather (representing Maat) on the other. Was there an evil priest named Imhotep and did he go against the Pharaoh (king)? [3], Today, the neighborhoods are similar in quality to other working-class Cairo neighborhoods and have limited but relatively decent infrastructure, including water, electricity, schools, a post office, and other facilities. The French, citing hygiene reasons, banned all burials inside the city, and cemeteries within the city walls were eventually destroyed and the remains of their occupants moved, leaving only the Qarafa (which was outside the city walls) as Cairo's major burial ground. [1] Some historians believe that the necropolis zone was divided into two cemeteries: the Qarafat al-Sughra, or "Smaller Qarafa", located further north, and the Qarafat al-Kubra, or "Greater Qarafa", spreading over a large area further south. Hamunaptra, or "The City of the Dead," was a lost city where pharaohs were laid to rest in The Mummy. Greedily, he accepts Evelyns proposition of getting 25% of the treasure and frees Rick. Historically, there was no such place as Hamunaptra. But the ancient Egyptian city of the Dead is called the Valley of the kings and Queens.. The Medjay were elite fighters and mercenaries that have grown in popularity in pop culture with their appearances in The Mummy and the Assassin's Creed franchise. adventurer Rick O'Connell, played by Brendan Fraiser, How Old Brendan Fraser's Rick O'Connell Is In Each Mummy Movie, The Mummy Needs A Revival More Than Indiana Jones, The Mummy Franchise Did Hollywood's Latest Action Movie Trend 20 Years Early, Imhotep also had powers from being cursed, The Original Idea For The Mummy Was VERY Different. [7][10], It was the Burji or Circassian Mamluks, however, who contributed the most and in their time the new Northern Cemetery came to surpass the old Southern Cemetery (the old Qarafat al-Kubra) in terms of splendor. And most will ask: is Hamunaptra real? . Each jar would have contained one organ and one of the Four Sons of Horus would protect each jar. In the movie they reported Hamunaptra to symbolize the city of the Dead. The 1999 release of The Mummy directed by Stephen Sommers is yet another instalment in the mummy genre following Boris Karloffs famous 1932 version The Mummy. [6] Importantly, that area also became the site of many important tombs belonging to a number of the Prophet's descendants who emigrated to Egypt in this period, some of which, like those of Sayyida Ruqayya, Sayyida Nafisa and Sayyida Aisha, are still present today. The informatin you have put up here is really interesting and if you cold recommend any books on the characters from the movie that would be great ive already looked into King Tut a little. The development of the necropolis thus moved northeast, mirroring these new centers of power. [1][3] Official attitudes have varied from modest measures to improve living conditions to bold proposals to forcibly move the inhabitants, but no overarching plan has been put into effect so far. The upcoming movie The Scorpion King is fiction, but recent archeological studies indicate there really was a King Scorpion in ancient Egypt and that he played a crucial role in uniting the country and building it into the worlds first empire. For example, Ibn Tulun himself was likely buried in a newly developed cemetery south of al-Qata'i (south of the still preserved Ibn Tulun Mosque), though his tomb can no longer be found today. The most famous are the Mosque and mausoleum complex of Sultan Qaitbay (featured on the Egyptian 1 Pound note), the Mausoleum complex of Sultan Barsbay, and the Khanqah-mausoleum of Sultan Farag ibn Barquq. In 1966 the government banned anyone from staying in the cemeteries after sundown, but were unable to enforce this. [1] Later, during Nasser's presidency in the 1960s, the government even built public housing on the edge of the Imam al-Shafi'i neighbourhood to house some of the people displaced by the construction of the Salah Salem highway, and some schools were also built. To read more about Imhotep, check out this article Things found inside Djosers Step Pyramid. Yes I am saying that Imhotep really did exist (Let me correct this; No I do not say, it is Proven on temple walls and sculptures that he did exist). Sincerely, The two would later merge again as development spread to other areas. Though not every aspect of the film is true or based on facts, The Mummy showcased some Egyptian history with dramatized twists that created a blockbuster hit. [1] Even the mamluks (who remained as a political elite under Ottoman rule) did not build many new monuments in the cemeteries at this time, although many zawiyas and religious buildings were maintained and repaired. Cause Hamunaptra, or The City of the Dead, was a lost city where pharaohs were laid to rest in The Mummy. Scorpion II (Ancient Egyptian: possibly Selk or Weha), also known as King Scorpion, was a ruler during the Protodynastic Period of Upper Egypt (c. 32003000 BCE). Shortly after, Imhotep attempts to bring Anck-su-namun back to life and brings her remains to Hamunaptra. [5]:190, Under Ottoman rule (15171798), Egypt became a province of a vast empire with Istanbul as its capital. This road grew in importance during the Mamluk period, when the Crusader threat had ended and Cairo directly controlled the Holy Cities (Mecca and Medina). As Imhotep tries to use Evelyn as a sacrifice, Rick defeats the high priest by stripping him of his immortality with scriptures from the Book of the Dead, before finally stabbing him with a sword. Interestingly, both Imhotep and Anck-su-namun are also central to Karloffs 1932 The Mummy. In 1897 the census put the population of the districts which included the cemeteries at 30,969 (though this may have included some regular neighbourhoods too, given the difficulty in defining the boundaries of the cemeteries). There is also no evidence that there were any ties to magical or mystical practices for the historical Medjay people. In 1923, an excavation of the ruins begun and the body of Imhotep was located near the Statue of Anubis, along with the Book of the Dead and the Book of Amun-Ra. The site of that madrasa later became the site of the current mosque adjoining the mausoleum. More success in 2010. The Mummy created an adventure with a mixture of fact and fiction that still thrills audiences. Book of Numbers 13:23 says that it was built seven years after Hebron was built. And he was buried with all the things you might expect. [1] The tomb enclosures, typically walled structures built to house the tombs of one extended family (also known as a hawsh), are nonetheless considered better, in some respects, than poor-quality housing elsewhere in the city. Its origins date back to the foundation of Fustat, the first Muslim city and capital of Egypt, established in 642 CE. Like many parts of modern Cairo, the neighborhoods here developed in part through the construction of unregulated "informal" housing; which is to say low-cost constructions, often apartment blocs, built privately without the official approval of authorities. The head of Osiris shall not be taken from him, and my head shall not be taken from me. [1][7] Most of the region, however, turned into an extension of Cairo's necropolis, and is now densely filled with tombs. [1], During the second half of the 20th century, rapid urbanization and the modernization of industries in and around Cairo lead to a massive migration that the city was ill-equipped to handle. Hamunaptra (also known as the City of the Dead) is a fictional Egyptian city in Egypt and a location in The Mummy. The cemetery's original site was probably just east of Fustat (near the Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi'i), and expanded from there, with the focus of development shifting to different areas in different periods. I am sorry to hear what is happening in Greece these days . There is also another smaller cemetery north of Bab al-Nasr. Contents 1 Creation 2 Discovery 3 Appearance 3.1 The Gold Pyramid 4 Trivia 5 Appearances Creation The vast necropolis contained precious artifacts and antiquities from the wealthiest of Egypt's Pharaohic totality, as well as their remains, and was . [1], Recently, living conditions have slowly improved with greater access to running water and electricity, while the denser neighborhoods are serviced by facilities like a medical center, schools, and a post office. Hamunaptra Seti I, the famous father of Ramesses II, is often regarded as one of Egypts most powerful kings. While the priests then place the lid on top, the scarab beetles begin to ravage and consume Imhotep alive. His army finds the city of Hamunaptra, which is guarded by the curse of a mummy. Karima, I like this movie too, especially the 2nd movie. In the motion picture the city of the dead could only be located on specific times. Although the tradition of visiting and spending time with the graves of relatives (even staying overnight at the tombs) dates back to Ancient Egypt and is still practiced to some extent today, the idea of living permanently among tombs has arguably lost its cultural legitimacy in modern times due to more restrictive attitudes about the function of cemeteries. During his life, Imhotep was an Egyptian chancellor to the Pharaoh Djoser and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. [15][1] In 2020, concerns were raised about the government's plan to build a bridge through the Northern Cemetery, which has resulted in some early 20th-century mausoleums being demolished, with little consultation from locals.[12]. She joined Screen Rant in August 2022. The body has no agency as it is simply a prop, which Jonathan uses to prank his sister. Not just this life, but intended for the after life. There was also a real girl/woman named Anck-su-namun (just spelled differently), and Nefertiti, as I partly stated in the blog But how the characters were used, is fare from the truth. The presence of Taghrid's palace and mosque may have encouraged them to be buried here alongside the rest of Fustat's population. [1] The necropolises also contain a large number of monumental mausoleums and funerary complexes that house the tombs of various Islamic saints, scholars, important state officials, and Egyptian rulers and their families, making them an important repository of historic architectural heritage in Cairo. Is hamunaptra real? There is were women in the movie. Some people resorted to squatting within the mausoleums and tomb enclosures and turning them into improvised housing; however, these "tomb-dwellers" remained a small fraction of the overall population in the area. [3][1] In fact, the majority of the residents live in regular urban housing and neighborhoods which, through various historical circumstances, developed inside the cemetery zones. Unfortunately, this is a fictional city as the name did not exist in Ancient Egypt. [1] As elsewhere in the city, their monuments were typically a combination of mausoleum, mosque, madrasa, khanqah and other functions. The ancient city was found near some of Egypt's best-known monuments. The focus of development, however, shifted from the old Qarafa, which was by then fully saturated, to new areas of development north of the Citadel, which later became what is now known as the Northern Cemetery. There are so many religions and so many versions of those stories.. that makes me sick everytime i think about them. The city of Hamunaptra was created for the action-adventure movie and wasn't a real city. It's set, naturally, in 'Egypt', . At its entrance are the remains of the Bab al-Qarafa, an old gate in the city walls giving access the Qarafa and which was rebuilt in the 15th century by Sultan Qaitbay. But anyway you have a nice blog. I had never seen that movie yet. West of Shari'a Salah Salem is the al-Darrasa neighborhood and Al-Azhar Park, along the edge of the old city walls. Have a great day! Thousands of years of history can be.overwhelming. It started with the early city of Fustat (founded in 642 CE) and arguably reached its apogee, in terms of prestige and monumentality, during the Mamluk era (13th15th centuries). As a consequence to attempting to bring Anck-su-namun back to life, Imhotep receives one of the highest forms of punishment: the Hom-Dai. [1] In 1907 it was incorporated into the city's transit network via a streetcar (no longer extant) that ran from Imami al-Shafi'i Square (in front of the mosque) to the Pyramids in the west, thus promoting its development. It is located within the Al-Gamaliyya qism (district) of the Cairo Governorate. According to the films, Hamunaptra is a hidden city in the desert which is the resting place of Imhotep, the 3,000-year-old mummy that will revisit the Earth as a curse if released. The Book of the Dead resurrected Imhotep through the scripture read by Evelyn, and although it has the same name as one found in history, the version in The Mummy departs from the source material. [1][8] Durzan also built a large mosque, possibly comparable in size and layout to the Mosque of Al-Azhar, described by contemporary chroniclers and known simply as the Qarafa Mosque. Dwayne Johnson, while filming for the historical fantasy action movie titled The Scorpion King, has eaten a real scorpion and the actor has even admitted to the same on twitter. Though he is based on a real person and the film used the correct name, the story of Imhotep is different from what was shown in the film. [1] It contains another cluster of monuments in various states of preservation, such as the restored Mausoleum of Tarabay al-Sharifi and the distinctive tall narrow dome of the Mausoleum of Yunus al-Dawadar. as semi-nomadic people who were warriors. The world has too much of everything (food) already, now we just need people to share and not only take we (the people) should demand, that hunger be exterminated, since we have so much food, but much of it is just going to waste. [1] The inhabitants of the cemeteries are socially heterogeneous and live in different communities across the area, which has probably inhibited them from forming a united front in dealing with the authorities. Well I hope you have a nice evening or day. Related: How Old Brendan Fraser's Rick O'Connell Is In Each Mummy Movie. The road grew in importance during the Mamluk period as the Mamluks' military dominance in the region ensured the safety of the pilgrimage route. [1] A number of other Fatimid-era mausoleums survive today in the area between the Mosques of Ibn Tulun and of Sayyida Nafisa, such as the Mausoleum of Sayyida Ruqayya. These lands were not normally suitable for habitation but their dry desert soil promoted the natural desiccation of bodies, thus preserving them for longer and ensuring a more hygienic interment of bodies overall. Is Tannis a real city? Stereotypical elements such as fake doors and elaborate mechanisms exist to keep robbers at bay from glorious riches. Amun-Ra is a god created from the two most important deities of the ancient Egyptian pantheon: the gods Amun and Ra. According to the films, Hamunaptra is a hidden city in the desert which is the resting place of Imhotep, the 3,000-year-old mummy that will revisit the Earth as a curse if released. I absolutely love anything to do with ancient Egypt and the Mummy has got to be one of the best movies portraying it. Africa Imhotep also had powers from being cursed in The Mummy, another aspect of the figure that cant be substantiated. First appearance [16], The Bab-al Nasr cemetery is much smaller in size than the other necropolises and lies directly north of the historic city walls, sandwiched between the al-Husayniya neighborhood (historically a northern suburb of Cairo) and what is now the northern part of the al-Darrasa neighborhood (which separates it from the Northern Cemetery). In the beginning of the Mummy, pharaohs bodyguards are labelled as the Medjay. I really like it! When she isnt keeping up with Disney, Star Wars and comic book movies, she is watching musical theater, exploring Las Vegas and visiting family in New York City. Siwa Oasis, Arabic Wat Swah, oasis in Mar mufaah (governorate), western Egypt. The idea of being buried alive sounds extreme. Did Hamunaptra really exist? This find will provide a better understanding of the temple and may help in its eventual restoration. The following is a list of notable historic monuments and religious sites in the cemeteries. The Mummy labels Hamunaptra as the City of the Dead and as the burial place of the pharaohs. It is also known as the Mamluk Desert Cemetery (Arabic: , Saharet Al Mamalik, "Desert of the Mamluks"). Of te various small real-life details that inspired various aspects of The Mummy, perhaps the most interesting is that Evelyn Carnahan is inspired by a real and rather significant person. It does not take long for one scarab to come alive and burr itself into his brain, killing him. She enjoys discussing movie theories and predicting future storylines. The Egyptians had four canopic vases, not five and they would not remove the heart because they believed the Ib controlled the body's movements, even though we know it is the brain. This included efforts to restrict the use of the cemeteries to burials and funerals only, and discouraging living inhabitants from settling within them. [1] The road was dotted by buildings such as caravanserais, restaurants and stables which serviced travelers. [1] In turn, the Mamluks began to build their mausoleums here, also looking for more space. The Book of the Dead was most commonly written in hieroglyphic or hieratic script on a papyrus scroll, and often illustrated with vignettes depicting the deceased and their journey into the afterlife. His tomb is of major religious and spiritual importance for many, as an important site of baraka and an attraction for pilgrims from across the Muslim world. The name, Anck-su-namun comes from Ankhesenamun, who was the wife of Tutankhamun, from the Eighteenth Dynasty (c. late fourteenth century BC). There was no single or canonical Book of the Dead. Since mummification was a sacred part of their belief system, the process was complex and routine. Many historians believe that the scale and nature of the constructions point to deliberate efforts at urbanizing the area, rather than simply using it as another necropolis. For example, a gunfight at Hamunaptra destroys countless monuments. [7][1], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}300248N 311635E / 30.04667N 31.27639E / 30.04667; 31.27639, Mamluk funerary architecture in the Southern Cemetery, circa 1867, Mamluk funerary architecture in the Northern Cemetery, circa 1860, Bab al-Wazir Cemetery, photographed late 19th century, Ottoman rule and Khedival period (16th19th centuries), Recent history (20th century to present day), Sayyida Nafisa Mosque and al-Khalifa neighbourhood, Sayyida Aisha Mosque and al-Qadiriya neighborhood, Population and socioeconomic status (present day), Tozzi Di Marco A. Il Giardino di Allah. The travelers find the ancient city and accidentally awaken Imhotep (Arnold Vosloo). Karima, Ahha you are quite serious about this. The Mummy follows adventurer Rick O'Connell, played by Brendan Fraiser, as he travels to Hamunaptra to find the Book of the Dead. The 1999 film stars protagonist Rick OConnell (Brendan Fraser) as the maverick, streetsmart adventurer, Evelyn Carnahan (Rachel Weisz), a book-smart scholar, and Imhotep (Arnold Vosloo), the films antagonist. There is also another smaller cemetery north of Bab al-Nasr. Just the existence of Imhotep and Nefertiti in the same time line, is very wrong. [1] Only a relatively modest number of Mamluk funerary monuments were built here, although they were of high architectural quality and some remain today. The cemeteries are filled with a vast number of tombs dating from various periods up to the modern day. [1] Nonetheless, in the early 16th century, Leo Africanus describes the old Qarafa (the Southern Cemetery), as being inhabited by around two thousand households. Off course I know that there was a scorpion king. I think perhaps we should let the diggers open it. The Egyptians do so and a cloud of dust quickly consumes them. The burning of Fustat in 1168 led to the decline of that city and its importance, and the ruined sections of the city may have become burial grounds integrated into the Greater Qarafa. The City of the Dead has been characterized as a slum;[18] however, this characterization is not endorsed by everyone and has been criticized for relying too heavily on the story of the "tomb-dwellers" (people squatting in the tomb structures), whose existence has been sensationalized in the media and whose numbers are almost certainly greatly exaggerated or misconstrued.
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