Please notify us by email that the article will be republished at, Two Executions, Many Questions about Mental Health, Innocence, Mapping the Legacy of Prison Hunger Strikes in Texas, Strangest State: Ted Cruz Enjoys a White Claw, Clarence Brandley: Unjustly Convicted, Overdue for Justice. While new and limited in scope, prison and jail diversion programsthrough which sentenced individuals attend community-based drug treatment programs as an alternative to incarcerationhave also been successful at keeping mothers and their newborns together [27]. The program offers a range of services to ensure that mothers dont re-offend. The Texas Observer is known for its fiercely independent, uncompromising work which we are pleased to provide to the public at no charge in this space. Jennifer G. Clarke, MD, MPH is a physician at the Rhode Island womens prison, associate professor of medicine and obstetrics/gynecology at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and the director of health disparities research at Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island. It was morning sickness. Hicks and Reagle sat in a room for children who visit the prison to see their mothers. Site made in collaboration with CMYK. In 2003, 63 babies were born to state female prisoners in Illinois (conversation with Joanne Archibald, C.L.A.I.M. Since 1980, the number of women incarcerated in the United States has increased by more than 700 percent. Quick facts: women & criminal justice. Juanita, you are her big sister, to help her get settled and show her the chore list and how the program works. This is a matter of equity, of racial justice. Incarcerated women [2012]. When you don't have any numbers to pay attention to them, then anything can happen. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'prisoninsight_com-leader-2','ezslot_14',671,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-prisoninsight_com-leader-2-0'); All prison nursery programs have counselors and/or a child aide to help the mothers. Here a mother sued to get her baby into jail with her. Most women who give birth while incarcerated have to hand over their baby to a family member or friends. There are cameras above every crib, and, Women in the program cant be convicted of a violent crime. On Monday, a Butler County inmate being prepared for transport to the hospital went into labor and delivered a baby girl with the assistance of corrections officers and the jail medic before. Theyre all anxious about the future. The law restrains the correctional facilities from putting the pregnant inmates in most inflicting measures such as inmate shackling. The number of women in prison has risen dramatically in recent years, and its happening all over the world. And typically, the inmate has a sentence of two years or less. Beck AJ, Berzofsky M, Caspar R, Krebs C. Sexual victimization in prisons and jails reported by inmates, 2011-12. In her experience, the one thing that can keep women from reoffending is bonds with their children. Just 9 percent of the women who went through the states nursery program returned to prison. In its first 19 months, BAMBI has been home to about 50 babies and inmate mothers. Photos, illustrations and other art may be available for syndication but must be confirmed. Washington, DC: Institute on Women & Criminal Justice, Womens Prison Association; 2009. But, calculated by gender, in 2013, which is the most recent information available, 63.1 percent of women felons were arrested again or back in prison. The BAMBI unit for inmates with newborns is Texas latest and perhaps most forward-thinking attempt at reducing recidivism and keeping families together. Giving birth in shackles: a constitutional and human rights violation. Shes not goin nowhere. Its procedure and policy. While shackled, pregnant women are at increased risk of falling and sustaining injury to themselves and their fetuses [17]. Women who are pregnant when they enter Pollsmoor live in a separate unit until they give birth, at which point they move to the Baby Mother Unit (BMU) with their newborns. 0000003832 00000 n Whether the information relates to an expectant mother or a new baby determine ICWA status and comply with ICWA if applicable. Massachusetts is the only state to offer a community-based alternative, where mothers can keep their infants with them for up to 24 months in correctional residential programs in the community; however, these women may have to return to prison later to finish their sentences [22]. Washington, DC: National Womens Law Center / The Rebecca Project for Human Rights; 2010.http://www.nwlc.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/mothersbehindbars2010.pdf. Isabel, this is Juanita, she can answer your questions and help you get settled, okay?. A prisoner with a child under 18 months old can apply to bring their child to prison. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2007. Bedford Hills in New York has the nations longest-running prison nursery. Accessed August 1, 2013. Sometimes, they remain on prison grounds and deliver in the medical unit. NPR's Ailsa Chang spoke with Dr. Sufrin to discuss the study. The overwhelming majority of children born to incarcerated mothers are separated from their mother immediately after birth and placed with relatives or into foster care. Copyright 2023PrisonInsight.com, all rights reserved. Allgayer, now 28, said she had her first child at 15. About 25 percent of BAMBI participants are first-time moms. As the opioid epidemic surges, states have been cracking down on pregnant addicted women. Critics also claim that it violates the childs constitutional, She reminds me that I have something thats great now, Doud said, something to live for., https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2018/05/11/feature/prisons-are-allowing-mothers-to-raise-their-babies-behind-bars-but-is-the-radical-experiment-in-parenting-and-punishment-a-good-idea/, 'Alarming': female prison population rises by 100,000 in past decade report, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/dec/10/alarming-number-of-women-behind-bars-rises-by-100000-in-past-decade, Prison nurseries give incarcerated mothers a chance to raise their babies behind bars, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/prison-nurseries-give-incarcerated-mothers-chance-raise-their-babies-behind-n894171, 15 Things That Happen When A Baby Is Born In Prison, https://www.babygaga.com/15-things-that-happen-when-baby-is-born-in-prison/, What Did Mark Wahlberg Go to Prison For? And typically, the inmate has a sentence of two years or less. A version of this story ran in the January 2012 issue. American College of Nurse-Midwives. 0000001173 00000 n "I don't know any pregnant woman that would want to be here," Reagle said. Because the average sentence for women in prison is 18 months, by the time parents are released it is likely they will no longer have custody of their children. The federal Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that in 2016, 4% of women in state prisons and 3% of women in federal prisons were pregnant at the time of admission. This is for us! He had drug problems too, and was already serving time in another prison. People in general don't often think about what happens to people behind bars. He has visited the Houston facility twice. Perinatal care for incarcerated patients: a 25 year old woman pregnant in jail. Nationwide, 4% of women in state prisons and 3% of those in federal prisons are pregnant at sentencing. At the prison that I was incarcerated in, the inmates were not allowed to keep their babies after giving birth, but in a place like Decatur, the prison nursery program allows a select number of inmates to live with their babies in a separate unit from the rest of the prison population. Saucedos bed was piled high with baby supplies and a welcome card on top of a handmade quilt. She cant walk. Four of the women at Hiland in October, including Reagle, were pregnant. All women, regardless of incarceration status, deserve to have a safe, healthy, and dignified pregnancy and delivery, which necessarily entails freedom from medically unsafe and dehumanizing restraints. Please log in again. That population has. 0000003147 00000 n Bedford Hills is one of just eight prison nurseries in the United States.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'prisoninsight_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',667,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-prisoninsight_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); The Decatur Correctional Center in Illinois is one womens prison who does have a nursery program. Inside the barbed-wire enclosure of Hiland Mountain Correctional Facility, a women's prison about 15 minutes away from Alaska's largest city, Hicks and Reagle sat for a series of interviews about life in prison for women with young children, pregnant women and women whose teenaged daughters now serve their own sentences here alongside their mothers. With the growth of the female prison and jail populations, legislative action to end shackling is imperative. How does your study fit in to the broader conversation around incarceration in America? Hb```VVAd`0p@219tfn`blpdP,="Rs0KJ,GuH0cEE#::8: v P qEGv@h"`ubL0lgpA*nFjw30sL@ ` .> endobj 39 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] /Font << /TT2 41 0 R /TT4 45 0 R /TT6 47 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 53 0 R /Im2 54 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 49 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 40 0 R >> >> endobj 40 0 obj [ /ICCBased 48 0 R ] endobj 41 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 448 823 729 177 292 292 0 0 219 313 219 500 469 469 469 469 469 469 469 469 469 469 219 0 0 667 0 365 0 677 615 635 771 656 563 771 760 354 333 740 573 833 771 781 563 0 625 479 615 708 677 885 0 656 0 0 0 271 0 500 0 406 510 417 500 417 323 448 510 229 229 469 229 771 510 510 510 490 333 365 292 490 469 667 458 417 427 0 0 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 219 219 448 448 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /IEDBAD+Garamond /FontDescriptor 42 0 R >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 861 /CapHeight 671 /Descent -263 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -139 -307 1063 986 ] /FontName /IEDBAD+Garamond /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 81.108 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 50 0 R >> endobj 43 0 obj << /Length 445 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream Way to go, justice ministry :lol. And yet, despite the expansion of prison and community-based nurseries, most incarcerated women are separated almost immediately from their newborns [24], a devastating situation for both mother and child. There has been some research on the lives of children who were born to incarcerated mothers and much of that comes from studying children born to women while incarcerated who then stay in these so-called prison nursery programs, where the babies can go back to the prisons with their moms. Sabol W, West H, Cooper M. Prisoners in 2008. {"email":"Email address invalid","url":"Website address invalid","required":"Required field missing"}. ACOG Committee Opinion no. No idea . The lies we told in our addiction. So the impact of these pregnancies on the next generation on families on communities particularly communities of color is profound. But, if it's a high risk pregnancy or a delivery with complications it may be tens of thousands of dollars. Each mother and baby is housed in a typical prison cell that is specially outfitted with a crib, changing table, and lively painted murals. The baby would go to family or social services, and the mother would have often have to petition for custody of their children after their release.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'prisoninsight_com-box-4','ezslot_2',665,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-prisoninsight_com-box-4-0'); In recent years, things have started to change. If the child is injured as a result of being left in the car, the crime can be increased to a felony, punishable by up to two years in jail and a $10,000 fine. Accessed August 1, 2013. "It's more of a sore subject," Reagle said. When it was time to deliver, the inmate would be taken to a local hospital. http://womenandprison.org/interviews/. Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project; 2007. University of Pennsylvania Law School. Despite the recent expansion of prison and community-based nurseries, incarcerated women continue to have these rights violated. They say it creates healthier kids, and its a spur for mothers to improve their lives that lowers the recidivism rate. Is miraculous too strong a word?. A mother who drinks or sometimes takes drugs is still the mother of her child, said state Sen. John Whitmire, a Houston Democrat and sponsor of the bill that created BAMBI. Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2006. Specifically, remember an Indian child cannot be placed through the TDCJ has relaxed the minimum stay, too. Her boyfriend wouldn't be able to help, Reagle knew. Furthermore, we believe it is wrong that this shackling, which occurs as part of a uniform policy, does not account for a womans history of violence (most female inmates are incarcerated for nonviolent crimes), escape attempts (the vast majority have not made such an attempt), and physical capacity to escape [7]. A woman who gave birth while incarcerated, describes the experience: When they shackled me I had two handcuffs, one was on my wrist and the other one was attached to the bedMy leg and my arm were attached to the bed so there was no way for me to move and to try and deal with the labor pains. A significant number of those women were pregnant or parenting, and often their familys primary caregiver. It also limits the childs time in prison to their earliest years. Lapidus L, Luthra N, Verma A, Small D, Allard P, Levingston K.Caught in the Net: The Impact of Drug Policies on Women and Families. While incarcerated, many womenalready vulnerable and marginalized in multiple waysare pregnant or give birth. These cells are not barred and the women are not handcuffed on the wing. No one ever asked me if I wanted to see my mother again. For real?, A tall African-American woman put her hand on Saucedos arm and said quietly, The staff here, they treat us like they care about us.. Legal Intelligencer. What begins as a search for a murder ends as a hard look at the murky ethics of "nonfiction" crime storytelling. Alone, in pain and in a filthy cell, Diana Sanchez gave birth to a baby boy. MY EX WAS JUST ARRESTED FOR DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE. Hiland is in Eagle River, on a campus that looks more like a mountain retreat than a facility that can hold up to 400 prisoners including murderers and gang members. Kids starting out in the foster care system already have a lot stacked against them in terms of their opportunities for emotional stability and support, stable housing and education. He crawled over to a baby walker, proudly pulled himself up to stand . You dont get fresh fruit in prison. He was given the obligatory tour of Gatesville prison and was in the midst of asking four inmates questions about their backgrounds. 0000072397 00000 n "It's keeping that child from the foster care system. Because the number of male prisoners overwhelmingly exceeds the number of female prisonersprisons and jails are over 90 percent malethese institutions have not prioritized the appropriate health and safety protocols for women during transport to a medical facility [15]. "If being in jail is the best place to keep you from using it's the best place to be if you're pregnant.". 0000007011 00000 n Institute on Women and Criminal Justice, Womens Prison Association; 2006. Enhancing attachment security in the infants of women in a jail-diversion program. Incarcerated women are arguably one of the most marginalized groups in the U.S. population, and it can be argued that many of them should not be behind bars. An abysmal 50% of pregnant women in state prison, and 46% in federal prison, reported receiving some form of prenatal care. We tell them we are going to be up in your business, Decatur warden Shelith Hansbro said. Personal accounts like these illustrate that the routine use of restraints on pregnant women, and particularly on women in labor, is a cruel and unsafe practice. It found that 3.8 percent of newly admitted women were pregnant and that in a single year, incarcerated women had 753 live births, 46 miscarriages, four stillbirths and 11 abortions. The minimum-security unit has helped female offenders with medical needs since 1996. After giving birth, most incarcerated mothers are allowed only 24 hours with their newborns in the hospital; the infants are then either placed with relatives or in foster care, and the mothers are returned to prison or jail [24]. 36 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 38 /H [ 860 334 ] /L 129470 /E 93671 /N 10 /T 128632 >> endobj xref 36 21 0000000016 00000 n Accessed August 1, 2013. DOC says so far in 2016, the department has spent $164,000 on pregnancy related services. 0000006933 00000 n 0000053687 00000 n While incarcerated women have very high rates of substance abuse and mental illness, histories of sexual and physical abuse, and multiple medical problems such as HIV and hepatitis C, less than half of these nursery programs offer appropriate services such as substance abuse treatment, mental health care, and domestic violence counseling [26]. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2013.http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/svpjri1112.pdf. We can walk outside?, A woman in her mid-30s said, We have group [therapy], every day, and its really good., Someone remembered it was Thursday and a chorus erupted: Tonight is pizza night! You can eat this any time you want! That was too much. Global Migration, Elder Care, and the Mothers of Others, Nancy Berlinger, PhD and Rebecca Kaebnick, http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/cc_Incarcerated_Women_Factsheet_Dec2012final.pdf, http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/svpjri1112.pdf, http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p08.pdf, http://www.nwlc.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/mothersbehindbars2010.pdf, http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/womens-and-childrens-health-policy-center/publications/prison.pdf, http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/anti-shackling_briefing_paper_stand_alone.pdf, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqTXt3jqchQ, http://womenandprison.org/interviews/view/interview_with_diana_delgado, http://www.law.com/jsp/pa/PubArticlePA.jsp?id=1202443951547&slreturn=20130702154119. Barely taking a breath, Allgayer ticked off other areas of new knowledge. On rare occasions, another law enforcement agency cuts short a womans stay. These are pretty common practices in all nursery programs around the United States. Four states have laws that prevent shackling women during labor and delivery. In todays blog post I will cover the following topics:if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'prisoninsight_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',666,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-prisoninsight_com-banner-1-0'); Generally, women who deliver a baby while incarcerated are not allowed to keep their baby when serving their sentence. The 1976 Supreme Court caseEstelle v. Gambleexplicitly affirmed that the Constitution requires prisons to provide medical care to inmates by holding that deliberate indifference to serious medical needs of prisoners violates the Eighth Amendments prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment [20]. Saucedo still had one major worry, though, and she turned to Liz Moore, BAMBIs program manager, to ask about it. When it was time to deliver, the inmate would be taken to a local hospital. Health disparities and incarcerated women: a population ignored. Accessed August 1, 2013. Her interests include drug policy and incarceration, womens health, and health care disparities. Footnotes. In November, a California woman who gave birth to a stillborn baby and admitted to using methamphetamine while she was pregnant was charged with murder. In 2016, 196 women gave birth in Texas prisons - a number that does not begin to account for births in state and county jails.5 This means that a minimum of 196 infants in Texas were unable to bond with their mothers, and the majority of these babies have likely been placed in kinship or foster care. New York, NY: Women in Prison Project of the Correctional Association of New York; 2006. When a child is taken outside of the nursery unit, all other inmates are ordered to stop movement and remain where they are. Dostoevsky. There are cameras above every crib, and sex offenders are not allowed at the facility. The viewpoints expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the AMA. The consequences of being born to a mother who's incarcerated or even having a parent who's incarcerated for the next generation are profound especially when we consider the deep racial disparities in incarceration rates. Across the country, hundreds of pregnant women and new mothers have been accused of child abuse or other crimes when they or their newborns tested positive for controlled substances. Each year about 250 babies are born to Texas offenders, but only a small percentage of pregnant prisoners qualify for the BAMBI program, which opened its doors in April 2010. This is the first ever review of this population pregnant women who are incarcerated. A growing number of women are incarcerated in the U.S. and many of them give birth in prison or jail. After giving birth, the inmate would usually have about 48 hours at most to bond with her baby before going back to prison. Currently, there is no set standard for how long a woman remains with her infant after giving birth. Saucedos eyes went back to the door. During delivery, the inmate is handcuffed to the bed, and they remain handcuffed until they are sent back to prison. US prisons Pregnant and shackled: why inmates are still giving birth cuffed and bound Despite a federal law that prohibits the shackling of expectant mothers, the 85% of incarcerated women who are. IS IT TRUE HE CAN GO TO JAIL? So from 2016 to 2017 we had 22 state prison systems across the country representing a geographically diverse range of states as well as the Federal Bureau of Prisons reporting to our study database every month for an entire year and each month they would report a variety of outcomes. 0000003587 00000 n As a historically male-focused institution, correctional facilities often fail to address the needs of incarcerated women. %PDF-1.3 % Prevalence. Accessed August 1, 2013. And the doctor asked him, you know, Cant you take them off of her? We found that over 90 percent of pregnancies ended in live births. That trickles down to who gets counted and who doesn't. As the inmate population in the United States has grown, the number of children with a parent in custody has risen to nearly 3 million kids over the past four decades, a federal study found. She researched inmates experiences in other states and interviewed administrators of baby-bonding programs. Beside the mural is a wooden crib and horseshoe shaped nursing pillows with patterns of flowers and polka dots. Bound by injustice: challenging the use of shackles on incarcerated pregnant women. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. She had been in and out of jail for drugs, mainly meth and heroin, she says, for much of her adult life and knew the routine. Decatur has six women and their infants, ages newborn to 11 months, who live in the special unit. In response to tremendous community advocacy and institutional support from organizations including the Rebecca Project and the American Public Health Association, 10 states have passed legislation prohibiting the use of restraints on pregnant women and women in labor [12]. The majority are unemployed, lack high school diplomas, and face extremely limited access to social services, health care, and stable housing prior to incarceration [5, 29, 30]. These data represent 57% of females in prison and 5% of females in jail. Accessed August 1, 2013. Do you think free access to journalism like this is important? Accessed August 1, 2013. 0000001348 00000 n Most importantly, however, broader efforts must be made to prevent inappropriate imprisonment of women in the first place. They were laughing and joking. Women who give birth in prison can keep their baby for the first 18 months in a mother and baby unit. Interviews about motherhood. But it would take until 2007 for Whitmire and Rep. Jerry Madden, a Republican from Plano and vice chair of the House Corrections Committee, to pass House Bill 199, which authorized the creation of BAMBI. I worked as an OB-GYN in a jail for about six years and took care of pregnant people. Half of the children of incarcerated mothers New data released by Penal Reform International and adopted by the UN shows that there are more than 741,000 females in prison around the globe, and experts predict that 1 in 25 female inmates in the United States is pregnant.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'prisoninsight_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_3',663,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-prisoninsight_com-medrectangle-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'prisoninsight_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',663,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-prisoninsight_com-medrectangle-3-0_1');.medrectangle-3-multi-663{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Up to 15 mothers and their infants can live here, but there were only seven the day Saucedo arrived. In fact, as she told us via email after the interview, the correct number is about 10 percent. We calculated approximately 88,400 pregnant women in local jails based on the Vera Institute of Justice report's estimate that 80% of women in jail are mothers, and the BJS reports 110,500 women in local . But Lynn M. Paltrow said even if that is lawmakers' intent, it doesn't mean it won't happen. Institute on Women & Criminal Justice, Women Prisons Association; 2009. Sabol WJ, Minton TD, Harrison PM. Jail procedures require an inmate in labor be transported by . The mothers choose how long to keep their babies in jail based on their own preferences and the availability of other guardians for the child. They also claim that the programs do nothing more than delay the inevitable split between the children and their mothers, and that makes the situation even more painful.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,100],'prisoninsight_com-leader-4','ezslot_16',675,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-prisoninsight_com-leader-4-0'); Destiny Doud, a mother serving a 12-year sentence in Decatur for a low-level drug crime says that having her baby with her is a positive thing. Despite a constitutional mandate that prisons and all institutions of incarceration provide health care to people inside, there is no mandatory oversight that these institutions must follow. dictates what happens to children born to mothers who are under correctional supervision. Why has there been so little research on this population? Outlets must also tag the Observer in all social media posts. Accessed August 1, 2013. A study published in The American Journal of Public Health Thursday changes that. The correctional system hasn't adapted to the large increase in incarcerated women, according to study author Dr. Carolyn Sufrin, an OB-GYN at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. In todays blog post I will cover the following topics: What happens when a baby is born in prison? One of Texas most famous death row exonerees died before winning compensation under a law inspired by his own story. Moore then grabbed Castillo and drew her toward Saucedo, putting a friendly hand on each womans shoulder. Partners must notify. They either have to give their baby to a family member, a social worker, or put them up for adoption. So far none of the graduates from BAMBI have reoffended. Mother-baby bonding programs in other states have significantly reduced recidivism. Accessed August 1, 2013. Critics also claim that it violates the childs constitutional rights with taxpayer money. Alcoholic seltzer goes aerial. How many pregnant people were admitted. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. An earlier Web version of this story quoted Dr. Carolyn Sufrin saying that the U.S. miscarriage rate was about 20 percent. In an eloquent letter to then-chairman Jim McReynolds of the Texas House Corrections Committee in 2010, Lockett described how a chaotic family was still a family.