Free elections were held in 1990. On the other hand, the Aromanians and the Megleno-Romanians are Romance peoples who live south of the Danube, mainly in Greece, Albania, North Macedonia and Bulgaria although some of them migrated to Romania in the 20th century. In the arts and culture, prominent figures were George Enescu (music composer, violinist, professor of Sir Yehudi Menuhin), Constantin Brncui (sculptor), Eugne Ionesco (playwright), Mircea Eliade (historian of religion and novelist), Emil Cioran (essayist, Prix de l'Institut Franais for stylism) and Angela Gheorghiu (soprano). Some older Romanians kiss a woman's hand when meeting them. The country was under communist rule from 1948 until 1989, when the regime of Romanian leader Nicolae Ceauescu was overthrown. In the de facto independent (but internationally unrecognised) region of Transnistria, the official script used to write Moldovan is Cyrillic. [23] Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. The three principalities were united for several months in 1600 under the authority of Wallachian Prince Michael the Brave. The basic vocabulary is of Latin origin,[128] although there are some substratum words that are sometimes assumed to be of Dacian origin. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Early rulers from the Asen dynasty (particularly Kaloyan) referred to themselves as "Emperors of Bulgarians and Vlachs". [80][81] Gesta Hungarorum also mentions the Slavs, Bulgarians,Vlachs and the shepherds of the Romans inhabiting the Carpathian Basin: "sclauij, Bulgarij et Blachij, ac pastores romanorum". The Vlachs killed David in their first documented battle. 284, "On the Significance of Certain Names: Romanian/Wallachian and Romania/Wallachia", https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004250765_003, Pre-National Identities in the Balkans in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans, "ivot u sjeni konstitutivnih naroda Rumunji u BiH", "IRES: Aproape 9 din 10 romni se consider religioi, dar doar 10% in post", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century", "Populaia stabil dup religie judee, municipii, orae, comune", "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data", "Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings", "A Quantitative Comparison of the Similarity between Genes and Geography in Worldwide Human Populations", "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a", "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe", "Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12", "Genetic affinities among the historical provinces of Romania and Central Europe as revealed by an mtDNA analysis", The Romanian nation in the beginning of the 20th century, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanians&oldid=1152706722, 1,206,938 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 748,2251,500,000 migrants from Romania of all ethnic groups, including a wide range of. [87], After the Avar Khaganate collapsed in the790s, the First Bulgarian Empire became the dominant power of the region, occupying lands as far as the river Tisa. Romanian society is family-centered, and family ties are usually strong, which is why the relatives' opinions will also be very important. The later Roman province Dacia Aureliana, was organized inside former Moesia Superior. Current national objectives of Romania include adhering to the Schengen Area, the Eurozone as well as the OECD (i.e. Topul rilor UE n care romnii reprezint cea mai mare comunitate", "Bosnia i Heregovina Comunitatea romneasc", "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates", "U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey", Romanian Communities Allocation in United States: Study of Romanian-American population (2002), "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables", "200.000 de romni triesc "visul brazilian", "AMERICA LATIN DRP Departamentul pentru Romanii de Pretutindeni", "The Week of the Romanian Diaspora in Argentina The immigration of the Romanians to Argentina", "Ci romni au prsit Romnia pentru a tri n strintate", "Romania - International emigrant stock 2019", "Ethnic composition, religion and language skills in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Recensmnt 2022. Other speakers of the latter languages are the Aromanians, the Megleno-Romanians, and the Istro-Romanians (native to Istria, Croatia), all of them unevenly distributed throughout the Balkan Peninsula, which may be considered either Romanian subgroups or separated yet, nevertheless, related ethnicities. Which makes the United States home to the largest Romanian community outside Romania. This article discusses the period from the founding of the city and the regal period, which began in 753 bc, through the events leading to the founding of the republic in 509 bc, the establishment of the empire in 27 bc, and the final eclipse of the Empire of the West in the 5th century ad. [154] The vast majority are Eastern Orthodox Christians, belonging to the Romanian Orthodox Church (a branch of Eastern Orthodoxy, or Eastern Orthodox Church, together with the Greek Orthodox, Orthodox Church of Georgia and Russian Orthodox Churches, among others). [162][163][164] However, the Balkan Vlachs' northward migration ensured that these centers remained in close contact for centuries. [167], According to a Y-chromosome analysis of 335 sampled Romanians, 15% of them belong to R1a. Performance Arts Traditional Romanian dancers. 671,9851,079,726 (2021) Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups. In 2004 the country . 407, 414. Curta, Florin (2006), pp. George Constantinescu created the theory of sonics, while mathematician tefan Odobleja has been claimed as "the ideological father behind cybernetics" his work The Consonantist Psychology (Paris, 1938) was supposedly the main source of inspiration for N. Wiener's Cybernetics (Paris, 1948). Romania is the largest of the countries of south-eastern . V. Klyuchevsky, The course of the Russian history. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 5001250. Following Constantinescu's single term as president from 1996 to 2000, Iliescu was re-elected in late 2000 for another term of four years. Around 1.6% of ethnic Romanians in Romania identify themselves as Pentecostal, with the population numbering 276,678 members. Just a slight majority, 56.4 percent, lives in urban areas (12,546,212 people in total). Nowadays, the term Vlach is more often used to refer to the Romanized populations of the Balkans who speak Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Istro-Romanian, and Megleno-Romanian. [72] Roman fortifications mostly date to the Tetrarchy or the Constantinian dynasty. In 2004, Traian Bsescu, the PNL-PD candidate of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), was elected president. ancient Rome, the state centred on the city of Rome. By the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire was awarded by the Ottomans with the region of Bukovina and, in 1812, the Russians occupied the eastern half of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia through the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812.[127]. Also, this number does not include ethnic-Romanians who no longer speak the Romanian language. For later events of the Empire of the East, see . That year, the governor of Servia, Nikulitsa received the position of leader (archon) of the Vlachs from Hellas from Emperor Basil II. [152] However, some non-specialist organisations have produced estimates which are considerably higher: a 2002 study by the Romanian-American Network Inc. mentions an estimated figure of 1,200,000[43] for the number of Romanian Americans. Maybe I'm crossing a line here, but judging from her father's facial phenotype, he's very likely of Roma origins. The origin of the Romanians have been accounted for in two theories; the first one states that the Romanians are the descendants of Romans, Romanized and live in Dacia, the Roman province. Magoulias, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984, p.238-371. One, known as the Daco-Roman continuity theory, posits that they are descendants of Romans and Romanized indigenous peoples (Dacians) living in the Roman Province of Dacia, while the other posits that the Romanians are descendants of Romans and Romanized indigenous populations of the former Roman provinces of Illyricum, Moesia, Thracia, and Macedonia, and the ancestors of Romanians later migrated from these Roman provinces south of the Danube into the area which they inhabit today. There are no official dates for the adoption of religions by the Romanians. [157] However, the actual rate of church attendance is significantly lower and many Romanians are only nominally believers. The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, or as much as 6.0 per cent of the entire population. Note: The 2011 Romanian census gave a figure of 20,121,641. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. On the one hand, the Transylvanian Saxons and the Transylvanian Romanians (with consistent support on behalf of the Austrian Empire) successfully managed to oppose the goals of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, with the two noteworthy historical figures leading the common Romanian-Saxon side at the time being Avram Iancu and Stephan Ludwig Roth. Originally within the Byzantine Empire, but after the 13th century autonomous or semi-independent. Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. Theophanes the Confessor recorded it as part of a 6th-century military expedition by Comentiolus and Priscus against the Avars. The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani / romni /, / r -/ ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group and traditionally nomadic itinerants. This short-lived period was marked, at times, by political instabilities and efforts of maintaining a constitutional monarchy in favour of other, totalitarian regimes such as an absolute monarchy or a military dictatorship. About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per the 2022 Romanian census), whose native language, Romanian, is a Daco-Romance language, descended from Latin (more specifically from Vulgar Latin) with some French, German, English, Greek, Italian, Slavic, and Hungarian borrowings. It was observed that the age groups were significantly different since . The territories of modern-day Romania and Moldova were inhabited by the ancient Getae and Dacian tribes. The third theory also known as the admigration theory, proposed by Dimitrie Onciul (18561923), posits that the formation of the Romanian people occurred in the former "Dacia Traiana" province, and in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula. Since 2013, the Romanian Language Day is celebrated on 31 August in Romania. The province ceased to exist around 679681, when the region was overrun by the Bulgars, which the Emperor Constantine IV was forced to recognize in 681. During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (to the former Soviet Union, now Moldova and Ukraine) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria). The Roman administration retreated from Dacia between 271 and 275 AD, during the reign of emperor Aurelian under the pressure of the Goths and the Dacian Carpi tribe. At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. [88] The First Bulgarian Empire had a mixed population consisting of the Bulgar conquerors, Slavs and Vlachs (Romanians) but the Slavicisation of the Bulgar elite had already begun in the 9th century. The Romanians (Romanian: romni, pronounced[romn]; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking[56][57][58][59] ethnic group. N.N. [161] Numbering about 500 people still living in the original villages of Istria while the majority left for other countries after World War II (mainly to Italy, United States, Canada, Spain, Germany, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, and Australia), they speak the Istro-Romanian language, the closest living relative of Romanian. It holds its origin from ancient Germanicbeing a cognate to "Welsh" and "Walloon"and perhaps even further back in time, from the Roman name Volcae, which was originally a Celtic tribe. Most Roma speak some form of Romany, a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern India, as well as the major language of the country in which they . Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Bucharest and other cities have again become increasingly cosmopolitan, including identifiable presences from outside the EU (Chinese, Turks, Moldovans, Syrians, Iraqis, Africans) as well as from the EU (French, Italians, Germans, British, Greeks). During World War II, the Kingdom of Romania lost territory both to the east and west, as Northern Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary through the Second Vienna Award, while Bessarabia and northern Bukovina were taken by the Soviets and included in the Moldavian SSR, respectively Ukrainian SSR. [86] The document signed by Basil II to give the position of archon of the Vlachs to Nekulitsa is mentioned in Strategikon of Kekaumenos (written between 1075 and 1078 AD). In the history of aviation, Traian Vuia and Aurel Vlaicu built and tested some of the earliest aircraft designs, while Henri Coand discovered the Coand effect of fluidics. [166], Most West Slavs, Hungarians, and Austrians were found to share as many identical by-descent DNA segments with South Slavs as with Romanians, Torbeshi and Gagauzes. If to talk about color of hair, many Romanian women are brunettes. This estimate notes however that "other immigrants of Romanian national minority groups have been included such as: Armenians, Germans, Gypsies, Hungarians, Jews, and Ukrainians". Romanian nationalist believe their are descanded from Dacians. Indeed ethnicity, in terms of genetic characteristics that render non-Romans inferior to Romans, plays little or no role in these assessments. The national capital is Bucharest. Rizos, Efthymios (2018). If you're traveling long distances by train, expect to be asked where you're going, where you're coming from and what you're doing in Romania. Moscow: Nauka, 2010, pp. In sports, Romanians have excelled in a variety of fields, such as football (Gheorghe Hagi), gymnastics (Nadia Comneci, Lavinia Miloovici etc. Ilfov County has the highest crude birth rate (12.0), while Vlcea County has the lowest crude birth rate (6.6). From the Slavs, it was passed on to other peoples, such as the Hungarians (Olh) and Greeks (Vlachoi) (see the Etymology section of Vlachs). [90] Ibn al-Nadm (early 932998) published in 998 the work Kitb al-Fihrist mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and Vlahs" (using Blagha for Vlachs). Supplementary Tables", "Microsoft Word - REZULTATE DEFINITIVE RPL2011.doc", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "Bun venit la Institutul National de Statistica - Institutul National de Statistica", "Welcome to National Institute of Statistics | National Institute of Statistics", "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "POPULAIA ROMNIEI PE LOCALITI LA 1 IANUARIE 2016", "GHO - By category - Life expectancy and Healthy life expecancy - Data by country", "Countries Compared by People > Total population > Age 25-29 >% of the total. Iliescu remained in power as head of state until 1996, when he was defeated by CDR-supported Emil Constantinescu in the 1996 general elections, the first in post-communist Romania that saw a peaceful transition of power. The second number includes all Romanians in Spain, thus taking into account second and third generation Romanians or nationalized ones that count as Spanish in the census. In one interpretation of the 1989 census results in Moldova, the majority of Moldovans were counted as ethnic Romanians in this country as well. Failing in his attempt, the Byzantine prince sought refuge in Halych but Andronikos I Komnenos was "captured by the Vlachs, to whom the rumor of his escape had reached, he was taken back to the emperor". Romania is a country in southeastern Europe bordering Ukraine, Bulgaria, Moldova, Hungary and Serbia. Hungarian, Romani, Ukrainian, German, Turkish, Tatar, Russian, Lipovan, Serbian, Slovak, Czech, Polish etc. [134], Several historical sources show the use of the term "Romanian" among the medieval or early modern Romanian population. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [94]Kekaumenos's father-in-law was Nikulitzas Delphinas, a lord of Larissa who took part in the revolt of Bulgarians and Vlachs in Thessaly in 1066 AD. [141] From the Middle Ages, Romanians bore two names, the exonym (one given to them by foreigners) Wallachians or Vlachs, under its various forms (vlah, valah, valach, voloh, blac, olh, vlas, ilac, ulah, etc. "Vlach" was an exonym used almost exclusively for the Romanians during the Middle Ages. Wood carving, pottery, and woolen rug weaving are some of the traditional Romanian handicrafts. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. During the interwar period in Romania, the total number of ethnic Germans amounted to as much as 786,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939),[13][14] a figure which had subsequently fallen to circa 36,000 as of 2011 in contemporary Romania. [40], 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (May 2010);[41] down from 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births in 2002. [113], Royal charters wrote of the "Vlachs' land" in southern Transylvania in the early 13th century, indicating the existence of autonomous Romanian communities. [69], Scythia Minor (c. 290 c. 680) was a Roman province corresponding to the lands between the Danube and the Black Sea, today's Dobruja divided between Romania and Bulgaria. 137-177. A lot. [175] [176] Other studies analyzing the haplogroup frequency among Romanians came to similar results. 8.55% of the Romanian population was born in the period from 1976 to 1980, compared with 6.82% of Americans and 6.33% of Britons. King Decebalus who reigned from 87 to 106 AD was the last king of the Dacian kingdom before it was conquered by the Roman Empire in 106,[63] after two wars between Decebalus' army and Trajan's army. Roman Catholics, largely ethnic Hungarians and Germans, constitute 4.7% of the population; Calvinists, Baptists (see Baptist Union of Romania and Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania), Pentecostals, and Lutherans make up another 5%. Byzantine historians usually described foreign rulers as archontes. ), and the endonym (the name they used for themselves) Romanians (Rumni/Romni). According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population. It has been said that they constitute "an island of Latinity"[5] in Eastern Europe, surrounded on all sides either by Slavic peoples (namely Southern Slavic peoples and Eastern Slavic peoples) or by the Hungarians. [10] For the entire period 19902006, the estimated population loss tops 1.5 million,[10] but it is likely to be higher, given the explosion of migration for work after 2001 and the tendency of some migrants to settle permanently in the countries where they live.[11]. Dr. Ayfer AKTA, Trk Dili, TDK, 9/2007, s. 484495, Online: Vladimr Baar, Daniel Jakubek, (2017) Divided National Identity in Moldova, Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics, Volume 11: Issue 1, DOI: Ioan-Aurel Pop, Italian Authors and the Romanian Identity in the 16th Century, Revue Roumaine d'Histoire, XXXIX, 1-4, p. 39-49, Bucarest, 2000. One of the reasons for which the number of Germans in Romania fell is because after the Romanian Revolution there has been a mass migration of Transylvania Saxons to Germany, in what was referred by British daily newspaper Guardian to as 'the most astonishing, and little reported, ethnic migration in modern Europe'. In 1699 it became a part of the Habsburg lands. [122][123] The contemporary Byzantine historian Niketas Choniates however distinguishes "Great Vlachia" as a district near Meteora. Roman Catholic Saint Joseph Cathedral, Bucharest, Wallachia, Roman Catholic St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia, Transylvania, Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Blaj, Transylvania, Greek Catholic Assumption of Mary Cathedral, Baia Mare, Transylvania, Roman Catholic St. John of Nepomuk Church, Suceava, Bukovina, Roman Catholic St. George Cathedral in Timioara, Banat. The actual total recorded number of foreign-born Romanians was only 136,000. Italy and Spain have been popular emigration destinations, due to a relatively low language barrier, and both are each now home to about a million Romanians. The Roma culture has a rich oral tradition, with an emphasis on family. sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnderhill_et_al.2009 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnderhill_et_al.2014 (, Molotov-Ribbentrop Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, third largest ethno-linguistic group among Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic-Eastern Orthodox Schism of 1054, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "68 Million Romanians live outside Romania's borders", "Rezultate definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor 2011 (caracteristici demografice ale populaiei)", "// Recensmntul populaiei i al locuinelor 2014", "Romeni in Italia - statistiche e distribuzione per regione", "Publikation Bevlkerung Bevlkerung mit Migrationshintergrund Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus Fachserie 1 Reihe 2.2 2015 Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)", "Anzahl der Auslnder in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2014 und 2015", "Poblacin extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Ao. Based on linguistic and archaeological findings, historians suggest that the Romanians' ancestors acquired polytheistic religions in the Roman era, later adopting Christianity, most likely by the 4th century AD when decreed by Emperor Constantine the Great as the official religion of the Roman Empire. [143] According to Vladimr Baar and Daniel Jakubek, typically pro-Russian authors in Moldova tend to argue that "Romanian" as an ethnonym is only a mere recent product from Romanian nationalist historical myths despite the attestation of this name in old documents. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, while Hungarians still constitute the majority in Harghita and Covasna counties. Nicolae Ceauescu became the head of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) in 1965 and his severe rule of the 1980s was ended by the Romanian Revolution of 1989. It also includes an unspecified allowance for second- and third-generation Romanians, and an indeterminate number living in Canada. [170] The frequency of I2a1 (I-P37) in the Balkans today is owed to indigenous European hunter-gatherers tribes, and was present before the Slavic migrations to the Balkans. The principal minorities in Romania are Hungarians ( Szeklers, Csangos, and Magyars; especially in Harghita, Covasna, and Mure counties) and Romani people, with a declining German population (in Timi, Sibiu, Braov, or Suceava) and smaller numbers of Poles in Bukovina (Austria-Hungary attracted Polish miners, who settled there from the Krakw An older form of romn was still in use in some regions. "Scythia Minor". Which doesn't make him atuomatically Roma, as many prefer for various reasons - fear of . Un rcit dessin de 192 pages en noir et blanc, publi aux ditions Vents d'Ouest . Part I: Structure and Meaning, European Journal of Population", https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?pub=1124-originea-medievala-a-focarelor-de-conflict-din-peninsula-balcanica, " : , , ", " " / , https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/AnnaComnena-Alexiad.asp, https://archive.org/details/o-city-of-byzantium-annals-of-niketas-choniates-ttranslated-by-harry-j-magoulias-1984, http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_en/anzeige.php?pk=337176, https://archive.org/details/tabulaimperiibyz0000unse, "Treaty of Bucharest/Russo-Turkish history [1812]", "De ce este srbtorit Ziua Limbii Romne la 31 august", Magyar Trtnelmi Tr 4. sorozat 4. ktet 1903. V. Mrcule, The Vlachs in the military actions during the Comnen, in Revista de Istorie Militar, 2(60), 2000, p. 46-47 (hereinafter: The Vlachs during the Comnen). The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.[60]. [9], In 1990, Romania's population was estimated to be 23.21 million inhabitants. The 2002 census indicates that 0.9% of the population is Greek Catholic, as opposed to about 10% prior to 1948. Under the Equality Act 2010, ethnicity includes colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins 30. After the end of the war, the Romanian Kingdom managed to regain territories lost westward but was nonetheless not given Bessarabia and northern Bukovina back, the aforementioned regions being forcefully incorporated into the Soviet Union (USSR). [82] Most researchers identify the Blachij with the Vlachs. [173][174] Haplogroup R1a among Romanians is entirely from the Eastern European variety Z282 and may be a result of Baltic, Thracian or Slavic descent. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, who toured the area in 1166 called the region of Thessaly "Vlachia". Romanians are usually traditional and very attached to their families, so even you are dating an independent Romanian, don't underestimate the importance of the family in their life. Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. Most of the specialists who have addressed these aspects have identified those " bold mountaineers ", with the 'Vlachs. Stanescu, Eugen. During the late Middle Ages, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as Bogdan of Moldavia, Stephen the Great, Mircea the Elder, Michael the Brave, or Vlad the Impaler took part actively in the history of Central Europe by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the Kingdom of Poland or the Kingdom of Hungary in these causes. [172] Haplogroup R1a, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to southern Siberia and South Asia. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, English translation: Elisabeth Dawes, London, 1928: Annals of Niketas Choniates, Translated by H.J. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases. A far better indicator of the Roman outlook is the remarkable practice of extending citizenship to manumitted slaves almost all of whom (or their ancestors) came from abroad. [115] Bla IV of Hungary's land grant to the Knights Hospitallers in Oltenia and Muntenia shows that the local Vlach rulers were subject to the king's authority in 1247. [79] According to the early 13th century medieval Hungarian book Gesta Hungarorum the invading Magyars of King rpd The names derive from the Vlachs, who had lived across much of these regions. Race and ethnicity are two concepts related to human ancestry. For Romanians: -the ones with predominant Dacian-Roman ancestry (dark hair, dark eyes, convex Roman nose, square jaw, women with wide hips, high cheekbones) For some ethnic minorities in Romania . International Statistics", "VOLUMUL II: POPULAIA STABIL (REZIDENT) STRUCTURA ETNIC I CONFESIONAL", "Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Romania&oldid=1150440151. The eastern territory losses were facilitated by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact. Romani people constitute one of Romania's largest minorities. Sources give varied estimates for Romania's historical population. One of the earliest examples comes from the Nibelungenlied, a German epic poem from before 1200 in which a "Duke Ramunc from the land of Vlachs (Wallachia)" is mentioned. Subsequently, the Soviet Union imposed a communist government and King Michael was forced to abdicate and leave for exile, subsequently settling in Switzerland, while Petru Groza remained the head of the government of the Socialist Republic of Romania (RSR). For the United States 2000 Census figures, almost 20% of the total population did not classify or report an ancestry, and the census is also subject to undercounting, an incomplete (67%) response rate, and sampling error in general. [101][96][102], The princess and chronicler Anna Komnene reports that in April 1091, on the eve of the decisive Byzantine-Pecheneg Battle of Levounion, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1057-1118) was assisted by "a number of 5,000 brave mountaineers and ready to attack, passed by his side, to fight alongside him". [68] The territory of the diocese was devastated by the Huns in the middle of 5th century and finally overrun by the Avars and Slavs in late 6th and early 7th century. Country comparison to the world: 106th, This page was last edited on 18 April 2023, at 05:54. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).