And though the armed forces weren't fully integrated until 1948, the U.S. military has always been on the forefront of racial and gender integration. Because of the previous battles, Allied forces were forced to take a break, and the operation was scheduled for April 1945. On February 21 Kuribayashi executed a kamikaze attack on U.S. Navy vessels, badly damaging several ships. His request was denied, however, and he was granted a mere three days on account of Nimitzs tight schedule ahead of the Okinawa invasion. It meant the U.S. could launch bombing runs from Iwo Jima's strategic airfields, as the tiny island was directly under the flight path of B-29 Superfortresses from Guam, Saipan and the Mariana Islands. The U.S. victory at Iwo Jima was another step on the island hopping campaign towards the mainland of Japan. History Hit Launches on Comcasts Entertainment Platforms in the US. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Arnold was of the opinion that the Bonin Islands could be useful for conducting B-29 Superfortress air raids on Tokyo. On March 8, the Marines were able to split Kuribayashis defenses into two. The Marines' attack on Iwo Jima created many heroes like John Basilone, Charles Lindbergh, and Joe Rosenthal, among others, that are now honored by having statues built in their memory. The Battle of Okinawa was a victory for the US but resulted in massive casualties on both sides. The American invasion of Iwo Jima came after Allied troops had successfully campaigned in the Solomon, Gilbert, Marshall, and Mariana Islands. The only, 3rd Battalion,23rd Marine Regiment,4th Marine Division, Risked his life by destroying a total of sixteen enemy positions and approximately seventy-five Japanese, 1st Battalion,27th Marine Regiment,5th Marine Division, Sacrificed his life to eliminate an enemy threat, Weapons Company,27th Marine Regiment,5th Marine Division. The island is only 8 square miles in size. Among the most brutal battles of World War II in the Pacific, the Battle of Iwo Jima began on February 19, 1945 and raged for 36 days, devastating the island stronghold. Arnold had to rely on the Navy to take these islands for him, however. Dalton Bealsmay have died from heart problems while training onParris Joint Expeditionary Base Fort Story sustained an estimated $3 million in damage from Sunday's tornado in Virginia Beach Two boaters were rescued from a marshy island in Virginia after they were stranded in poor weather, the U.S. Coast Guard said A federal watchdog agency says the Defense Department has taken steps to ensure that it is not buying products containing the Military and overseas voters will effectively get more time to return absentee ballots under a bill Gov. Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children. Risked his life to rescue several wounded Marines during the battle. Iwo Jima was not only a historic battle. Just four days into the fighting, U.S. Marines captured Mount Suribachi, on Iwo Jimas south side, famously raising an American flag at the summit. The modest response to the initial US beach landings led the Americans to presume that their bombardment had seriously impaired Japanese defences. The Battle of Iwo Jima was fought between the United States and Japan between February 19th and March 26th 1945. The book is the New York Times bestseller that tells the true story behind the immortal photograph that came to symbolize the courage of America during the Battle of Iwo Jima. . Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCOS)Adm. Bartley, LtCol. 2. Gerow, A. US troops had recaptured most of the other islands in the Pacific Ocean that the Japanese had taken in 1941 and 1942. When was the battle? The Battle of Guadalcanal was a major battle between the United States and Japan in World War II. Franklin Sousley, age 19, was shot on March 21. 12 Must-Know Facts About the Battle of Iwo Jima Written by John Rothans Jun 3, 2020 Though the island of Iwo Jima covers just eight square miles, the Battle of Iwo Jima lasted five weeks. Iwo Jima. Lieutenant General Holland M. Howlin Mad Smith was the commanding general of the expeditionary troops. Raising the American flag at the island's highest point sent a clear message to both the Marines below and the Japanese defenders. Representatives of the Japanese empire are seen aboard the USS Missouri during official surrender ceremonies. The United States laun. A costly victory for the United States, the battle was one of the bloodiest in the history of the U.S. Marine Corps and was cited as proof of the Japanese militarys willingness to fight to the last man. The United States mounted an amphibious invasion of the island of Iwo Jima as part of its Pacific campaign against Japan. The battle marked the first time since entering the war that the United States had gone on the offensive and attacked the Japanese. The 27th Regiment at Red 1 and 2 would head northward past Motoyama 1, which would be taken by the 23rd Regiment at Yellow 1 and 2. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. It also meant American bombers could fly over Japan with fighter escorts. While US Marines overcame Japanese defenses in northern Okinawa by April 18, opposition in the south proved formidable. Among other things, an extensive system of tunnels was built to connect the prepared positions so that positions which had been cleared could be re-occupied. From May 1942, the US utilised Navajo code talkers. However, it was still 1,500 miles (2,400 km) from Saipan to Tokyo, a long flight even for LeMay's B-29s. At the same time as the advance of the 3rd Marine Division, the 5th would move up the western coast of the island to the northern tip. In the years that followed, the image took on a more important role. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Japan knew that the importance of defending Iwo Jima as its loss would facilitate American air raids against Japanese Home Islands. On April 1, 1945Easter Sundaythe Navy's Fifth Fleet and more than 180,000 U.S. Army and Marine Corps. He then had his troops erect hundreds of pillboxes, blockhouses, and gun sites for aboveground coverage, many of which were so well constructed that only a direct hit from a battleship could cause serious damage. Also, this page requires javascript. Military historian and Marine Capt. From Flags of Our Fathers to Letters From Iwo Jima: Clint Eastwoods Balancing of Japanese and American Perspectives. The Asia-Pacific Journal. This was achieved on March 26, 1945, after General Tadamichi Kuribayashi and 750 other Japanese soldiers committed ritual suicide in Marpi Point's caves. Furthermore, the island functioned as a launchpad for Japanese aviation raids against the newly established American bases in the Marianas. The Battle of Iwo Jima resulted in the death of 18,844 out of 22,060 Japanese soldiers on the island. By March 10 U.S. troops had finally cleared the Amphitheater and Turkey Knob of its defenders. Mount Suribachi is the highest point on the island. Although the Japanese defenses were clearly outnumbered, General Tadamichi took great efforts to avoid being outflanked by Allied forces, having strategically ordered his men to build numerous underground tunnels, which they used as makeshift trenches while also using the island's volcanic sand formations to their advantage. Thousands of people on both sides lost their lives. Why Did Shakespeare Paint Richard III as a Villain? This article may not be republished, rebroadcast, rewritten or otherwise distributed without written permission. 2. The Japanese sphere of control extended west to Burma (Myanmar), south to the Dutch East Indies (now Malaysia) and New Guinea, and east to Wake Island. The 5th Marine Division commander was Major General Keller E. Rockey. It is a small island covering an area of about 8 square miles (20 square km) and spanning about 5 miles (8 km) in length. The son of one of the flagraisers wrote a powerful account of the six young men who came together to raise the flag. However, the lack of immediate response was simply part of Kuribayashis plan. (2018). Led the 8-hour battle to carry the flanking ridge top and reduce the enemys fields of aimed fire, thus protecting the vital foothold gained on the island by the Marines. Baracus on "The A-Team," Mr. T was a member of the biggest team of them all -- the U.S "I was the guy who makes you scrub the latrine, the guy who makes you make your bed, the guy who screams at you for being Copyright 2023 Military.com. Although the fall of Mt. In doing so he hoped to damage US spirits and buy more time for Japan to prepare for a looming invasion. And the iconic photo of soldiers raising a flag at the end of the battle? The Flag Raising: The flag-raising atop Mt. Seeing such high death rates made the United States rethink its strategy for the war. After the war, the commander of the Expeditionary Troops protested angrily that an absence of naval gunfire led to the loss of Marine lives. Internet Archive. At Kidadl we pride ourselves on offering families original ideas to make the most of time spent together at home or out and about, wherever you are in the world. They no longer wanted to be known as fighters who were afraid to fight or die; they wanted to be known as brave and fearless warriors who would do whatever it took to make sure the enemy was defeated. Whitman S., USMC (1954). The first main Japanese line of defense lay beyond a sulfur field filled with man-made and natural defenses. Maj. Gen. Harry Schmidt took charge of Marine operations. William Shakespeares Wife: Who Was Anne Hathaway? While the Americans did suffer huge losses during this battle, it was deemed necessary to take full control of Japan so that they would not invade America or any other country. Between November 1944 and January 1945, the Japanese destroyed 11 B-29s and damaged a further 43. What photographer took the famous picture of the United States Marines raising the U.S. flag at Iwo Jima? OCLC28592680. Given this information, American military leaders planned an attack on the island that they believed would last no more than a few days. Suribachi and capture of the Japanese airfields signified the defenders would ultimately lose, taking the remainder of the island would not prove easy for the Marines. The fact that Marines were forced to kill the Japanese virtually to the last man is a testament to the iron grip that Japans military indoctrination had on its servicemen. Please wait while the activity loads. Iwo Jima was declared to be captured on the morning of March 26, 1945. Japan suffered huge losses from the battle with only 200 of the 21,000 dedicated to the defense surviving. It lasted from 19 February - 26 March 1945. Chuck Norris, U.S. military veteran, and martial arts superstar began honing his skills in Korea while serving in the Air Before he went on to fame as B.A. The American flag was raised there on 23February 1945, but the US wouldnt claim victory in the battle until more than a month later, on 26 March. Please note: prices are correct and items are available at the time the article was published. The most enduring image of the Battle of Iwo Jima is the photograph of the U.S. flag being raised by a band of soldiers on Mount Suribachi. Located in thenorth-west portion of the Pacific Ocean, Iwo Jima is 660 miles south of Tokyo and roughly equidistant from Japan and the US territory of Guam. Iwo Jima saw more Medals of Honor awarded for actions there than any other single battle in American history. Once you are finished, click the button below. On the northern end of the island, the 28th Regiment fought alongside troops from the 5th Division for control of Hills 362A and 362B, seizing them both with considerable difficulty by March 3. Youngest recipient since the Civil War (turned 17 just 5 days before Iwo Jima D-Day), 2nd Battalion,27th Marine Regiment,5th Marine Division, Had earlier played football for theNew York Giants, Company C, 5th Pioneer Battalion,5th Marine Division. From lino cutting to surfing to childrens mental health, their hobbies and interests range far and wide. The second flag raising was photographed by Pulitzer Prize-winner Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press, and his photograph became one of the most famous combat images of World War II. The island was declared secure on March 26th following another banzai attack against the air corps personnel and soldiers on the beaches. Company A,1st Battalion,25th Marine Regiment,4th Marine Division. Once on the battlefield, General Kuribayashi instructed his men to entrench themselves in a way that would make it incredibly difficult for advancing troops to spot their positions without being caught out in the open, but this tactic didn't work particularly well considering Iwo Jima was practically crawling with Japanese armed forces who were all too happy to take cover wherever they could find it, thus making Allied soldiers' jobs even harder as they struggled to identify enemy targets both concealed and not. The battle lasted six months from August 7, 1942 to February 9, 1943. The Battle of Iwo Jima as recorded in the after action reports and maps by those who were tasked to document it. Shortly after its attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Japan gained control over much of Southeast Asia and the central Pacific. One particular group of Marines took over two weeks to advance 175 yd (160.02 m), given the amount of effort they had to expend in order to do so. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Iwo Jima is located about 760 miles (1,220 km) from Tokyo. The U.S. bombers were flying out of the Mariana Islands which were too far for fighters to fly in escort for the duration of the bombing missions. In actuality the island would not be secure until March 26, when a few hundred Japanese troops moved behind enemy lines toward Motoyama 1 and killed about 100 Americans in their sleep before being gunned down themselves. Japanese forces fought with the same fanaticism the Americans had witnessed in battles such as Iwo Jima. Brimelow, B. On 21 March, the Marines destroyed the Japanese stronghold. His death was the most significant since the death of Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. on June 18, 1945, in the Battle of Okinawa in WWII. America suffered more than 26,000 casualties, including 6,800 dead. The defending commander, Lieutenant General Tadamishi Kuribayashi, would focus his forces on the defense of the northern and central sections of the island. Convention dictated that a single officer should command all armed forces in the Pacific, but the JCOS could not agree on any one person to do so. National World War II Museum. Kuribayashi ensured that every part of the island was subject to Japanese fire. Risked his life to defend his position against a larger enemy force on Iwo Jima. 19,217 wounded. Only 216 Japanese troops were taken prisoner. The Battle of Iwo Jima refers to a battle fought over the island during World War II. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was convinced that Iwo Jima (now I-t) in particular, being halfway between the Mariana Islands and the Japanese capital, would place his fighters in range of the city so that they could support bombing operations in the region. After three years of fighting, U.S. troops didn't know the end was near for the Japanese Empire. At the JCOSs direction, Nimitz initially intended to take Formosa (Taiwan) rather than Iwo Jima, but recommendations from his subordinate admirals prompted him to propose that he seize Iwo Jima and Okinawa instead. As the Marines struggled forward, the Japanese laid in wait. Capturing this island became a symbolic capturing of the Japanese homeland. In the spider holes, they had 12"-14" shelves dug into the walls completely filled with morphine. The summit of Suribachi, which has an elevation of 528 feet, marks the islands highest point. What was supposed to be an easy and methodical landing process quickly became congested, and Kuribayashi maximized the confusion by directing his troops and artillery to fire on the U.S. soldiers. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Its critics say that U.S. gained little by capturing Iwo Jima. Last accessed 10 January 2014. This line of defenses included islands like Iwo Jima. 3rd Battalion,28th Marine Regiment,5th Marine Division. Located 750 miles off the coast of Japan, the island of Iwo Jima had. Iwo Jima. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. For them, every island was part of the preparation they needed to invade mainland Japan. Japanese Forces Commander was Lieutenant General Tadamichi Kuribayashi. The commanders assigned on the U.S. side for the battle were: Admiral Raymond A. Spruance was the operations overall commander. At that point it was returned to the Japanese. Lasting for 36 days, the battle saw some of the fiercest fighting of the Pacific War. Risked his life fighting the enemy single handedly for 15 minutes until his platoon could catch up to him during the battle. Killed by a grenade while assisting a wounded Marine at Iwo Jima. At Kings urging, the body chose to bifurcate the theatre and gave Army Gen. Douglas MacArthur and Adm. Chester Nimitz command over one half each. Gen. Kuribayashi Tadamichi to organize the defense of Iwo Jima. Although they significantly outnumbered their Japanese enemies on the island (by a more than three-to-one margin), many Americans were wounded or killed over the five weeks of fighting, with some estimates suggesting more than 25,000 casualties, including nearly 7,000 deaths. Click to reveal Vive were presented to United States Navy personnel (four being hospital corpsman), and 22 to Marines. Only a handful of Japanese veterans survived the battle; somewhere around 1,080 Japanese made it out alive. The tiny island of Iwo Jima lies 660 miles south of Tokyo. Risked his life to gather intelligence about and direct fire on, enemy gun positions during the battle. On D-Day, there were more than 450 ships amassed off of Iwo Jima. Garand, George W.; Truman R. Strobridge (1971). Recounting moments of key battles in the Pacific through the use of photographs and interviews. If all Japanese tunnels were stacked end-end, how long would they stretch? The Marines were able to cut off Mount Suribachi from the rest of the island by the morning of 23 February. 216 were captured and the remaining survived secretly on the island, many of whom surrendered later. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Okinawa is located just 350 miles (563 km) south of Kyushu, and its capture was regarded as a vital precursor to a ground invasion of the Japanese home islands. Battle of the Philippine Sea Facts - 1: The Battle of the Philippine Sea was called "the greatest carrier battle of the war" and was larger than the Battle of the Philippine Sea and the Battle of the Coral Sea combined. His attack proved futile, however, and the casualties inflicted provided an opening for the Marines. Knowing he couldnt win the battle, he aimed at inflicting heavy casualties on American forces to force them to reconsider invasion of Mainland Japan. The assault would take 36 days and is epitomized by the following quote by Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was a common virtue. For the Japanese defenders, the island held key strategic value as the last obstacle to the American forces before they would invade Okinawa and mainland Japan. Hence when the Japanese opened fire from concealed positions heavy losses were inflicted on the Marines. Gretchen Whitmer House Speaker Kevin McCarthy emphatically stressed his support for military aid to Ukraine on Monday, blistering Russia's From a computer genius to a popular sitcom star, talented women have made their mark in the U.S. military. Western Pacific Operations. It is mostly flat except for a mountain, called Mount Suribachi, located on the southern end of the island. Bad weather would additionally impact the pre-assault bombardments, but D-Day remained set for February 19th, 1945. 1. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. Iwo Jima was officially labeled as being a strategic island due to the need for a closer base for fighter support of long-range bombing missions being flown against mainland Japan. Your IP: The Battle of Okinawa was the last major battle of World War II, and one of the bloodiest. The 23rd Regiment managed to take Motoyama 1 by February 24 and Motoyama 2 by February 27, but progressing past that point proved exceedingly difficult. Despite losing Suribachi, Japan held strong positions. Located 750 miles off the coast of Japan, the island of Iwo Jima had three airfields that could serve as a staging facility for a potential invasion of mainland Japan. Iwo Jima Island was used as an airbase by the Japanese during WW2 attacking US B-29 bombers and the Mariana airfields. Dozens of Americans were killed during this process. (2006). Some of your most well-known heroes are those who died during World War II, so we can also say that many people have gained their fame from the Battle of Iwo Jima as well. The True Tale of Wales Legendary Hay Castle, 8 Formidable Fighters of the Hellenistic Period, Operation Unthinkable: Churchills Postwar Contingency Plan, The Pirates Code: Laws and Life Aboard Ship, How the Island of Rhodes Overcame a Superpower, Historical Trips - Book your next historical adventure, 10 Must-See Medieval Landmarks in England, Join Dan Snow for the Anniversary of the D-Day Landings, Lost Literature: Why Most English Texts Didnt Survive the Middle Ages, The Legacy of Hal 9000: How Science Fiction Depictions of AI Have Changed Over Time. After the battle, Iwo Jima served as an emergency landing site for more than 2,200 B-29 bombers, saving the lives of 24,000 U.S. airmen. The battle started on February 19, 1945, and lasted until March 26, 1945, while World War II was going on. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-iwo-jima. History Hit brings you the stories that shaped the world through our award winning podcast network and an online history channel. W. Eugene Smith, The LIFE . American forces invaded the island on February 19, 1945, and the ensuing Battle of Iwo Jima lasted for five weeks. Also depleting air strength meant the remaining warplanes had to be hoarded to defend Japanese Home Islands. A third airfield to the north was unfinished. The heavy artillery there opened fire and then closed the steel doors to prevent counter fire. This was significantly shorter than the 10-day heavy shelling bombardment requested by Maj. General Harry Schmidt and had limited impact due to the Japanese troops being so thoroughly dug-in. Prior to Iwo Jima, Japan had defended more directly, opting to face US troops on the beaches in the Gilbert, Marshall and Mariana Islands. The beach was widened to 100 yd (91.44 m) in order to accommodate the landing of tanks and trucks while thousands of U.S. marines and soldiers came ashore over the course of that night. US plans seriously underestimated the beach terrain that their landing force would meet at Iwo Jima. US forces were frequently surprised to find that bunkers theyd apparently cleared with grenades or flamethrowers were swiftly reoccupied thanks to the Japanese network of tunnels. Once the dust settled, it became clear that U.S. Marines had only managed to gain control of a small fraction of Iwo Jima, which meant they would have to fight yet again if they wanted to take the island for good. Sacrificed his life to save the lives of his platoon leader and platoon sergeant during the battle. Iwo Jima was last battle before Okinawa. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. When the Japanese soldiers failed, the American forces finally took over the island, which constituted a part of the Volcano Islands Archipelago, on March 26; there were more than 26,000 Japanese and American casualties combined. The Marines began to feel a lot of resentment. The Japanese had prepared for a very large battle with the United States and other Allied Powers. Even Kuribayashi refused to surrender in the end, by some accounts preferring to commit seppuku rather than fall into American hands alive. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Despite a second autopsy concluding Marine Pfc. Last accessed April 10th, 2013. From the short colour film To the Shores of Iwo Jima Watch Now. One day after the initial landing, the 28th Marines would secure the southern end of the island and move to the take Mount Suribachi. Nimitz created a U.S. Joint Expeditionary Force of Navy and Marines to carry out Operation Detachment. Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. The corps was founded in 1775. Your privacy is important to us. It was believed that he was going to join a naval academy, but instead, he ended up finding himself fighting in one of the bloodiest battles that took place while World War II was going on. Then it started invading others. It was given the code name Operation Detachment. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Iwo Jima, a look back. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 2021. The 36-day fight for Iwo Jima led Adm. Chester Nimitz to give the now-immortal praise, "Uncommon valor was a common virtue.". To counter Japanese tactics, Americans planned attacks during the night. The capture of Iwo Jima would also provide an emergency landing strip for B-29s returning from bombing runs with significant damage. Today, Japan operates a naval air base on the island, which is also used by the US Navy! Bob Campbell - He was a photographer who took many photographs during the battle, including the raising of the American flag by six U.S. Marine Corps at Mount Suribachi, that would help tell his story about what he had experienced during that fateful time period in American history. Battle of Iwo Jima Operational Map (Pre-Invasion). In all of World War II, only 81 Marines and 57 sailors were awarded the medal. Also the tunnel system which allowed Japanese to re-occupy cleared bunkers proved effective as Marines, who walked past them were surprised by fresh fire resulting in numerous casualties. On March 25, 1945, 300 of Kuribayashis men mounted a final banzai attack. While effective, the success of the Japanese forces seemed to merely forestall the inevitable. Volume IV of History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Iwo Jima, a look back . One of the most important people who fought on Iwo Jima is General Holland Smith, while others include President George H.W. Even then, however, there was contention over how to make progress toward the Japanese homeland. This means 850 Americans died for every square mile of the island fortress. Although the American military declared that Iwo Jima had been captured the next day, American forces spent weeks on end trudging through the islands jungles, finding and killing or capturing Japanese holdouts who refused to surrender and opted to continue fighting. Due to heavy casualties the necessity of the battle has been questioned. U.S. Marines continued to press forward on land, though, and on February 23 they secured Suribachi. The book is the story of Chucks two weeks in the hell of Iwo Jima and his personal experiences of the time looking back at the battle. At first glance, it seems similar to many other battles that happened late in the Pacific War: American troops fiercely fought their way through booby traps, Banzai charges and surprise attacks while stalwart dug-in Japanese defenders struggled against overwhelming U.S. power in the air, on land and by sea. Second in command of the Joint Expeditionary Force was Rear Admiral Harry W. Hill. Samaji Inouye led a nighttime banzai attack against Kuribayashis orders in hopes of driving the Americans off of their hill. The island has an area of just eight square miles, making it all the more surprising that the battle lasted 36 days. Ira Hayes was born to Nancy and Jobe on the Gila River Indian Reservation in Arizona in 1923. The 28th Regiment at Green would plow across the 0.5-mile (0.8-km) stretch to the other side of the island to cut off and eventually take Mount Suribachi. Battle of Iwo Jima lasted for 36 days and saw some of the fiercest fighting of the Pacific War. Did the Wars of the Roses End at the Battle of Tewkesbury? This does not influence our choices. The island is located about 760 miles from mainland Japan. We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so its important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. Harlon Block, age 20, and Michael Strank, age 25, were both killed on March 1.
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