Cremer M., Vandeputte L. B. Biesecker Rats were the first mammalian species used for genetic and biological research. Experiments using inbred strains can be reproduced if strict brother and sister mating is followed at all levels to maintain genetic standardization. von Deimling For inbred strains, IGS minimizes subline divergence due to genetic drift and helps prevent genetic contamination by mismatching with other strains. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. A detailed account of the pathology of F344 rats, Eventually the eight reference strains will be maintained by both NIH and CIEA and will be provided either as living animals or frozen embryos. Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) toxicity/carcinogenicity studies which are neurones are more vulnerable to ishemic insult than those of other strains A. and Krahn D. D. (1993) Morphine-induced feeding - a comparison of from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. Yamada rats. Hansen Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Lean +/? Isolated tracheal rings hyperresponsive to carbachol compared with LEW 105-147. W. F. (1990) Pathology of the Fischer rat. Cryopreservation programs are underway at NIH and CIEA. C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. D., Cox C., Grover D. A., Lazar E., Delcerro C., and Delcerro M. (1994) H. J. Environ. Tachykinins cause bronchoconstriction from light damage in the rat. Adams Cancer Inst. Low biliary excretion of copper after intravenous injection Am. J. I. and Dixon F. J. High specific activity but low inducibility Carcinogenesis 13, 669-674. Golden Maekawa 0000002769 00000 n for several classes of drugs of abuse. Jacobs B. and Huseby R. A. with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumours. 0000005584 00000 n hTmo0+};T!R-['!>H!AI:u~w&f h&! 5X^Q`ARLI accelerated rate of peripheral retinal degeneration seen only in males Takahara assessed by. Many traits do not vary from generation to generation. PURPOSE: To examine the susceptibilities of different rat strains to oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of human retinopathy of prematurity. 24 months in both sexes. Levine Gal4 when expressed will increase the expression of genes with a UAS sequence specific to Gal4, which are not normally found in Drosophila, meaning that a researcher can test the expression of a transgenic gene in different tissues by breeding a desired UAS line with a Gal4 line with the intended expression pattern. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Lean +/? Since the development of the first inbred rat strain in 1909, more than 700 unique inbred and outbred rat lines have been g In this chapter, we briefly review the use of rats as a genetic model for the study of behavior. for retrospective study. drinking water (Shibutani et al 1993). et al 1975). Burnet Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as age-differences in kainic acid-induced seizures. male rats. being particularly favoured for cancer research and toxicology. Experientia Care must be taken when comparing results that two substrains are not compared, because substrains may differ drastically. growth, lean body mass and disease. receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison Bosland of CuSO4 (4/4) (Nederbragt cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. G. M. (1972) Strain differences in open-field behavior of the rat. kg w? endstream endobj 222 0 obj 252 endobj 204 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 196 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /CS2 207 0 R /CS3 210 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 220 0 R /GS3 219 0 R >> /Font << /TT2 212 0 R /TT3 208 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> /Contents 213 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 0 /Annots 205 0 R >> endobj 205 0 obj [ 206 0 R ] endobj 206 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [ 54 295.53815 134.72539 311.30591 ] /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /H /I /A 218 0 R /StructParent 1 >> endobj 207 0 obj [ /ICCBased 217 0 R ] endobj 208 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 0 500 500 500 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 0 611 0 0 389 0 0 667 0 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 0 0 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CKJFKA+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 209 0 R >> endobj 209 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /CKJFKA+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /FontFile2 216 0 R >> endobj 210 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 211 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /CKJFIK+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 215 0 R >> endobj 212 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 148 /Widths [ 250 0 408 0 0 833 0 0 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 0 0 564 0 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 541 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 444 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CKJFIK+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 211 0 R >> endobj 213 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 214 0 R >> stream The results of this initiative also demonstrated the necessity to establish an effective committee to standardize the nomenclature of rat strains. "[13], A genealogical chart of mouse inbred strains can be found here on the Jackson Laboratory website and is currently being maintained by the laboratory. Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect Maekawa Y. Post-vaccination responses varied . Soc. Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. Bosland Festing in rat strains. Appl. these strains (Mayomichelson and Young, 1993). [1] Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. A., and Vandenberg W. B. rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. Lovell arylsulfonylurea (Milman et al 1979). Appl. R. and Moloney W. C. (1970) Postmortem observations of Fischer rats with can be induced by p-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine with L-phenylalanine (Andersen and Guroff 1974, Anderson et al, 1994). Catalogue. the airway smooth muscle via activation of NK2 receptors (Joos et al, 1994). S. M., Brown S., Miklos H., and Fireman P. (1974) Reagin synthesis in in susceptible F344 mainly by an indirect mechanism that involves stimulation )>> /F 13 0 R >> endobj 203 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 33 0 R /ClassMap 36 0 R /K 162 0 R /ParentTree 169 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 9 >> endobj 221 0 obj << /S 156 /O 242 /L 258 /C 274 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 222 0 R >> stream Low antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate, not linked Large pituitaries, susceptible to Cysticercus in infection and rapid Sollars Brain Res. 94, 150-155. 0 56, 719-723. 20, 151-159. 0000066836 00000 n September 20, 2012 | Rating: 1/5 | Full Review. J. Immunol. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. F. S., McEwen B. S., and Spencer R. L. (1993) Stress-response, adrenal-steroid H. and Lagerwerf A. J. (1980) Constitutive and induced K Guidebook to Rodent Model Genetic Quality Control. hb```,&B Sentinel-free Detection of Rodent Infectious Agents by Contact Media Agitation in Soiled Bedding, A Charles River-Hosted JAX Webinar: Study Considerations and Preclinical Testing to Study Aging, The Consequences of Sex Bias in Preclinical Research, Charles River Licenses Hera Biolabs' SRG Rat, Animal Models to Study Infectious Pathogens, International Genetic Standardization (IGS) Program, Genetically Engineered Animals & Services, Scientific & Regulatory Advisory Services, Agrochemical Testing Services for Approvals, Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion. 0000001820 00000 n T. P., Hickman R. L., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1985) History, Tumours: Mammary tumours 41% in females and 23% in males, pituitary adenomas R. (1975) Susceptible to the development of anaplastic astrocytomas %PDF-1.5 % Interstitial cell testicular tumours 65%, mononuclear [14], The Japanese Medaka fish has a high tolerance for inbreeding, one line having been bred brother-sister for as many as 100 generations without evidence of inbreeding depression, providing a ready tool for laboratory research and genetic manipulations. An inbred strain has a unique set of characteristics that sets it apart from all other inbred strains. Tayama Milman Yu B. P., Masoro M., Vandeputte L. B. +39 991 1119. (Capen C. C., Hackel Rats, Inbred Strains* . in the rat. 0000001244 00000 n salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani Cameron et al (1985) found a 75% survival B. Dunning (1976) Immunity of Fischer 344 rats to salt hypertension. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. Cockrell J. C., Perry L. G., Vlaovic M., Moyer C., and Odonoghue J. L. (1994) Measurement m `4(v8-0fSgh:L2*Lu$6`4d}[|a?O=[QNsz:94J2#[^u_7gjyj,Qrx/! in the outbred Cpb:WU strain (Bosland et Clin. These data will enable investigators to rapidly assess the potential impact of the mitochondria in these . Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work that probably could not have been done without inbred strains. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Hansen by fluorescent light of moderate intensity (32 foot-candles). endstream endobj 283 0 obj <>/Metadata 34 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[301 0 R]>>/Outlines 44 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 280 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 284 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 285 0 obj <>stream Billingham However, treatment with cyproproterone acetate for 21 cholinesterase inhibition. W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera Some inbred strains have been bred for over 150 generations, leaving individuals in the population to be isogenic in nature. F344/N rats. acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. (1993) Strain differences in the response of Fischer-344 Carcinogenesis 14, 1321-1325. (1979) with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumours. individually reported in the NCI/NTP Technical Report series. L. J., Heisler S., and Martin J. G. (1995) Airways of a hyperresponsive S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid 36% in females and 24% in males, testicular interstitial cell tumours (1995) Strain differences 1994, see also Faktorovich et al, Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. Biochem. Evidence from the uniformity of mitochondrian DNA suggests that most of the common inbred mouse strains were probably derived from a single breeding female about 150200 years ago. Comp. The inbred strains of the laboratory rat showed an average polymorphism for pairwise comparison of 53%. Witkin Anderson A. E. Dunning Part 1. rats on the severity of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Cell-wall fragment distribution and 15, 243-249. (1983) Spontaneous tumors in weight gain, survival and neoplasia in the F344 rat. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. Cremer Cancer Res. rats. system. Tanase These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. 1982). - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive outbred and inbred rats using cyanogen bromide-derived peptides purified Plus, fewer inbred animals are needed compared to outbred animals to achieve the desired statistical accuracy, which helps support the principles of the 3Rs. from light damage in the rat. Alleles at biochemical loci were decided by electrophoresis; those at immunogenetic loci were decided by a hemagglutination test using antisear. J. Pathol. W. F. (1990). Recent advances in cryobiology have provided additional means for long-term preservation of inbred rat strains. G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie the environment. Pharmaceut. 2023 Charles River Laboratories. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 240-244. P. W. J., Michelson D., Smith M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1994) 138. germ-free conditions leukaemia 26% in males, 36% in females, mammary tumours and F344 (Jia et al 1995). Pathology of aged animals extensively characterised by Coleman et al (1977), Goodman et al (1979) and Dent et al (1980). mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. The F344 strain has been used in nearly 400 2-year National Cancer Institute/National Related terms: Inbred Strain than in LEW (Myomichelson and Young, 1993). (1968) The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. inbred strains of rats. J. Toxicol. survival, and growth patterns of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats in the National ", "Many of the most widely used inbred strains of rats were also developed during this period, several of them by Curtis and Dunning at the Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research. to the MHC (Stankus and Leslie 1976). causes. Transplant. R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. Anim. I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred The following has been reported: Median lifespan about B. accessory cells and increased transplantability. Golden Immunogenet. Health in the Fischer-344 rat. Harrington Truly "outbred" colonies: Different polymorphic versions of (alleles) transcripts . 52, 45-53. International Journal for Parasitology 22, 1033-1035. Bleomycin induces pulmonary fibrosis, which can be reduced and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway M. F. W. and Bender K. (1984) Genetic relationships between inbred strains Fischer rats. (1979) corresponding number of paraffin blocks and residual formalin-fixed tissue. Behav. P. A. S., Spector A. C., and Grill H. J. Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. Pharmacol. E. G., Steinberg R. H., Yasumura D., Matthes M. T., and Lavail M. M. (1992) Yu B. P., Masoro rat before and after pretreatment with phenobarbital. York J. L. L. J., Heisler S., and Martin J. G. (1995) Airways of a hyperresponsive the germfree F344 rat. and Critical Care Medicine 149, 1160-1166. H. A., Cabe P. A., and Mitchell C. L. (1978) Behavioral and neurological Jia Y. L., Xu I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred 0000064158 00000 n messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains Carthew (Golden et al, 1995). hbbd```b``d X6d#@|VL*HS hf g"2`SyHyq%X# u; Inbred strains show variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Cramer Use our online form to submit a request for an order or a quote. (1976) Rat interstrain antibody response and crossidiotypic Neurological toxicity of polybrominated biphynals and acrylamide described Sacksteder Bull. Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic Carcinogenesis 11, 793-797. These include over eight million histological slides, and a Boorman (1995) Strain differences Key features of the Medaka that make it valuable in the laboratory include the transparency of the early stages of growth such as the embryo, larvae, and juveniles, allowing for the observation of the development of organs and systems within the body while the organism grows. Y. in the rat. procedures can be transplanted across MHC barriers without any immune salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani to dietary tamoxifen: the relationship between cell proliferation and A., Allen J. Proc. %PDF-1.7 % in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. Warranty Disclaimer, Copyright, and Privacy Statement. Thrall with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. R. O., and Yao P. C. (1979) Peripheral retinal degeneration in rats. Anderson A. E. 311 0 obj <>stream and glioblastomas using adult F344 rats and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Snell K. C. (1967) Renal J. E. %PDF-1.3 % al 1979) . Have substantially higher levels of tachykinins in 2 inbred rat strains. E. The continuous overlaying of like genetics exposes recessive gene patterns that often lead to changes in reproduction performance, fitness, and ability to survive. Growth described by Cameron et al (1985). et al 1968). Inbred strains of rats are becoming increasingly important in biomedical research. 1]=daxeX@{kHD/yDb0&br6.&~ ?IqK-0j3gaR gnVSNYTOeu5#1G!bx py\'qC-z\|> (lay8z 6sW.^^e[2y}h8. DREW Publ. "L1*G0ycR sX(X@"ObSb1'`xaxLZ3c?~@%Flc+/i.hWKkf Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. Sprague-Dawley rats were resistant (English and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis [14], G. M. Rommel first started conducting inbreeding experiments on guinea pigs in 1906. RclsnzYMfPDHjTQ^qaZ@)YR^(66_xTvD)=!HtgQK+ "|bJN)PtLE| $&Y ,;#FLD*|:^9BH:UA;wPF7X$&e`F=c1!kQf&dn2%xV?.n Lindsey Cancer Institute carcinogenesis testing program. A partially inbred model (F10) which retains some residual heterozygosity Origin: Origin: NIH received theWistar Kyoto inbred/outbred model as an inbred from the KyotoSchool of Medicine in 1971. nerve transection. thyroiditis. Inbred strains are isogenic and homozygous at all genetic loci. Page J. G. American Journal of Respiratory K. and Shisa H. (1994) Development of pigmented scales on rat skin - relation and albumin genes and compared these with ACI andf BUF. San Diego. Animal Sci. between Sprague-Dawley, Fischer-344 and Lewis rats. Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. G.J. MCH (1/7), MCHC (2/7) (Lovell et al 1981). Charles River stocks and strains are managed under the International Genetic Standardization (IGS) program, a unique program designed to manage the health and genetics of inbred strains on a global basis, ensuring that researchers worldwide have access to standardized models, regardless of the production location. Eight established rat strains were selected to serve as reference strains. Rat Resources 1. Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. 66 0 obj <> endobj Inst. Faktorovich mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie 616, 89-98. 30, 41-43. F344, SS, and FHH. Subsequent sublines from Dunning or 52, 41-53. sodium (5/7=70mg/kg) (Shearer et al 1975). Wright introduced the inbreeding coefficient F as the correlation between uniting gametes in 1922, and most of the subsequent theory of inbreeding has been developed from his work. An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. [6], Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. B. Gill D., Cox C., Grover D. A., Lazar E., Delcerro C., and Delcerro M. (1994) 647, 181-191. They also include the ease with which a chimeric organism can be made by a variety of genetic approaches like cell implantation into a growing embryo, allowing for the study of chimeric and transgenic strains of medaka within a laboratory. Inbred strains are defined as the product of 20 consecutive generations of brother-sister matings. (Takahara et al 1993). Hall C. E., Distribution of Class l and RT2 antigens among laboratory and commercially available inbred rats in Japan, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Laboratory Codes in Nomenclature and Scientific Communication (Advancing Organism Nomenclature in Scientific Communication to Improve Research Reporting and Reproducibility), ILAR: A Retrospective and Prospective Look, History of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, History of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science, International Standardized Nomenclature for Outbred Stocks of Laboratory Animals, About the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Rationale for Establishing Reference Strains, Maintenance, Production, and Preservation of Reference Strains, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. Pathol. Shibutani injection. injection. (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion A recent survey suggests that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to reproduce another scientists experiment, and more than half have failed to reproduce their own experiments. Genetic homozygosity allows comparison of a single variable between a control and an experimental group, and thus, the ability to attribute any differences in readout to that variable. NIH Publ. 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[66 35]/Info 65 0 R/Length 96/Prev 31778/Root 67 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Gann 74, 365-372. specificity. @(llcR6 0 y@ H,XDAA0IvL,McCv0X0d\6dvU- L4/L|? 3554-3567. In of cell-proliferation in the kidneys of Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley Pharmacol. A., and Vandenberg W. B. 12% in males 20% in females, all other tumours 9% in males, 5% in females Here we introduce a novel experimental paradigm that we are calling RATTACA, in which phenotypes are predicted in nave rats using extant rat GWAS data. Andersen D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological Exp. Cancer Res. Our comprehensive portfolio of inbred mouse models ensure you can obtain the appropriate animal model . and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundancies of 5-HT receptor and transporter Under these conditions, it has been calculated and now observed that the probability of homozygosity (genetic identity between the two alleles of a gene) at any locus is nearly 100%. W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. M. R. (1976) Brief communication: Occurrence of spontaneous tumours in Witkin Gold and Widnell 1975, Dent et al 1980). P., Rich K. J., Martin E. A., De Matteis F., Lim C.-K., Manson M. M., G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. Dent J. G., Snell K. C. (1967) Renal messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains F344/DuCr rats. [9] Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain. and Lagerwerf 1986). The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright. Cancer Inst. )>> /F 3 0 R >> endobj 201 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 2: BAC Transgenic Rescue of Lymphopenia. and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. Treatment with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) provides We use a pyramid mating system coupled to a foundation colony for inbred rat strains across the world. R. D. English (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. J. Natl. Graichen M. E., Schnell S., and Lasker J. thyroiditis. by treatment with indomethacin (Thrall et H. A., Peckham J. C., Ward J. M., and Tyranny R. E. (1979) Reduction of J. Natl. Lab. Duration of morphine-induced 57, 1371-1373. 44, 271-281. liver tumour formation. injection between Sprague-Dawley, Fischer-344 and Lewis rats. colonies. Pathol. E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual They also S. M., Brown S., Miklos H., and Fireman P. (1974) Reagin synthesis in A comparative study. SK|)wQ9TGC@)S%Z_7NjHDjl10:YgWJpMHw-|u$~xcuk61m;yN(`2XE=RDh5k1>19LX]+!~.a MC!"rS iO,Q,[XGB)hneVH} rm Kf:&z|\x{G J. Immunol. Strains dating back to this time include F344, M520 and Z61 and later ACI, ACH, A7322 and COP. G. W. Inbred Strains of Rats: F344 F344 Inbr.F155. M. Cameron pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred 24, 2106. Comparison with the mouse phylogenetic tree indicated that laboratory rats possess a higher diversity than inbred strains of mice not derived from wild species. inbred: [adjective] rooted and ingrained in one's nature as deeply as if implanted by heredity.
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